总裁霸宠小娇妻
刘家升 71554万字 44157人读过 连载
为纪念咸蛋历时2个月的幸福旅行生活，云南-四川-西藏，特原创旅行画册一本，历时3个月整理排版，长达200多张，因为未校对，错别字不知几多，怕晕的朋友慎入哈~！本人既无S兴趣，也无M爱好，所以本着用最少的钱干最多的事的原则，一路闲晃完成整条旅行路线，除去礼物纪念品，本次线路消费6K，我也没想到这个整一数，我骨子里始终是个享乐主义者，特别是不能饿~！ps：特此感谢那些路上遇到的朋友们，帮助我的朋友们，还有不计形象的为我的画册出镜的朋友们，因为你们，我的旅途才会如此HP~！个人画册,未经授权,请勿转载,转载必纠由于图片过大上传受阻，只好将图片改小5555555~！不知道还看得见文字不~！ 4# 荒草 荒哥，你那张也很精彩哦~！不过很后面呢~！ 8# roycol 宝姐你选在可以开广告公司，你做的宣传没话说的·！ 11# lizleung 之你，来的悄无声息啊·！欢迎欢迎~！ 22# 风语轻听 不好意思呢，本来是按照A4大小做的有5mb，，但是图片太大没法上传，所以缩小了些~~~ 28# 晓邋霉 呵呵~！这不是需要时间酝酿和觉悟吗，唉，我觉悟的一般比较晚啦~！而且就咱们这远的网速·咋发啊·！我发你能接完？有2G哦~！唉~不枉我折磨了自己这么久的回忆想当年~！谢谢 版主~！([]
最新章节： 第521章 创可贴 （ 2024-05-23 20:50:03）
更新时间： 2024-05-23 20:14:13
- 第1章 汇源果汁或将退市
- 第2章 8090
- 第3章 蔡徐坤
- 第4章 你的名字
- 第5章 守望先锋
- 第6章 爱情保卫战
- 第7章 神奇之旅
- 第8章 papi酱孕肚
- 第9章 守望先锋
- 第10章 这样唱好美
- 第11章 第二次也很美
- 第12章 法拉利周杰伦
- 第13章 天眼
- 第14章 华盛顿处戒备状态冠军
- 第15章 狐妖小红娘
- 第16章 致良知精神控制
- 第17章 柴达木神奇土星环
- 第18章 武林笼中对
- 第19章 Without Me
- 第20章 赛尔号
- 点击查看 中间隐藏的 84229 章节
- 第549章 小城街头现睡觉窝
- 第550章 迟到11年的奥运奖牌
- 第551章 剑王朝
- 第552章 阴阳师
- 第553章 斗罗大陆海报
- 第554章 武磊攻破巴萨球门
- 第555章 迈巴赫
- 第556章 倒霉熊
- 第557章 斗战大陆
- 第558章 梦幻西游
- 第559章 致良知精神控制
- 第560章 冒险岛特斯拉
- 第561章 吐槽大会4
- 第562章 世界欠我一个初恋妻子的浪漫旅行3
- 第563章 我和我的祖国
- 第564章 三国演义
- 第565章 何炅
- 第566章 延禧攻略
- 第567章 武林外传
- 第568章 武炼巅峰
9sese
巫凯翔一直以来，我不断的出现在路上，用脚步丈量这梦想的距离！从最近的到最远的。从最东的到最西的。梦想的脚步一次比一次远！西藏，一直是我的梦想，为之我付出了很多，也牺牲了很多！想象这那藏地雪山圣湖，那豪情羞怯情怀，还蛮激动的，也许是此次的目的地是世界之颠的原因吧！挑战，一次比一次有挑战性！这次，我真的是只身一人在路上了！当背着那沉垫垫的登山包走向车站，走进人群，我又激动又紧张－－要借宿在青旅，要拼车在路上，要独自享受这一路美景！这一次，要考验我身体能不能行，要考验我够不够机智勇敢，要考验我意志力是否够坚定！这一次，我一定不能让自己失望！因为这是我的梦想…西藏，在路上！8.28北京-西宁8.29西宁市区-塔尔寺：藏传佛教的六大宗主寺之一，黄教的创始人宗喀巴的诞生地，它以藏汉艺术相结合的建筑风格、琳琅满目的法器、千恣百态的佛像和浩瀚的文献藏书，酥油花、壁画、堆锈组合的“艺术三绝”享誉国内外，青海省旅游王牌景点8.30青海湖-拉萨列车上今天差点没来成青海湖，因为一人，又没拼上车，就在我都放弃青海湖的时候，早晨醒来准备去吃早餐时，经过前台看见了一哥们儿说是要租车去青海湖，我那一个高兴啊，回宿舍赶紧收拾背包，坐那等候。经过“天下河水皆向东，唯有此溪向西流”的倒淌河，我们抵达中国最大的内陆咸水湖---青海湖，浩渺的青海湖像一望无际的大海一般，只是天空不作美，一会刮风一会下雨的，还好我备的衣服多。。。湖畔大片整齐如画的农田麦浪翻滚，菜花泛金，芳香四溢；那碧波万顷，水天一色的青海湖，好似一泓玻璃琼浆在轻轻荡漾。过了季节的油菜地PS：第一次住青旅，上个片片留作纪念哈，青海行YHA，店主服务态度很好，宿舍都是自己套被套，也很干净，有种回归大学宿舍的感觉。(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……8.31西宁-拉萨的列车上传说中的康巴迪有氧列车，外表看似绿皮车，内部可不一般啊，有图有真相还有我24小时吃的一顿餐，好精贵的途中经过可可西里途中经过雪地途中经过雪山途中经过河流途中经过草原-牦牛途中经过车站-措那湖：站在湖边途中观赏的天空、云彩和阳光PS：这晚住在了拉萨有名的青旅-东措，说实话，这个四人间，还没青海行的好呢，估计名气太大了，人太多了，也就一般了，不过蛮喜欢它墙上的涂鸦的，都是一些人才啊看这个布达拉宫，很需要手艺的9.1拉萨市内-大昭寺一大早，我们就去排布宫的预约票了，早起的鸟儿有虫吃，这话真不假。排完门票去广场拍布宫，这景色，太美了听说这个角度能够拍出最好的布宫哟，只可惜我的相机不是发烧级的药王山广场解放纪念碑布达拉宫那一天，我闭目在经殿香雾中，蓦然听见你颂经中的真言；那一月，我摇动所有的经筒，不为超度，只为触摸你的指尖；那一年，磕长头匍匐在山路，不为觐见，只为贴着你的温暖；那一世，转山转水转佛塔，不为修来世，只为途中与你相见。夜晚的布达拉宫广场，少了天安门广场的喧嚣，多了一份天堂的静谧，伴随着青藏高原的曲子，音乐喷泉为这广场增添了一抹欢动的色彩倒影在水中的布达拉宫，像一位羞涩的女子，静谧的矗立在那PS：分享下我们吃过的藏餐：酥油茶是真喝不惯哎，芒康木耳这个不错，哈哈，就是米饭硬了些9.2布达拉宫巍巍高原，屹屹雪城，宏伟的宫殿横空出世，记载着千年的文明的传承，布达拉宫的高度永远让人仰望。布达拉宫被称为“世界屋脊明珠”，它是拉萨乃至青藏高原的志，这座世界上海拔最高最雄伟的宫殿里，收藏着极为丰富的文物和工艺品，同时也珍存着独一无二的雪域文化遗产。在拉萨和藏地的任何角落，人们虔诚叩拜合拢的手掌永远指向她。世界上海拔最高、最雄伟的宫殿也无限衍伸着藏文化的灿烂，是真正属于世界的遗产，是可以触摸，可以深入，未经粉饰，但真正具有藏族建筑艺术杰出代表的宫堡式建筑群。有时这建筑更像一个神秘的符号，吸引无数人义无反顾地投奔西藏而来。。。PS：分享下我们吃的藏餐厅：多好的环境啊，真心贵啊9.3拉萨3650-曲水-江孜4040-日喀则3950：途径冈巴拉山口4900、羊卓雍错4441、卡若拉冰川、宗山古堡、白居寺经过世界上最高的淡水湖、有天上圣湖之美誉的羊卓雍湖。藏语为“碧玉湖”，是西藏三大圣湖之一羊卓雍错，湖水如羊脂般清澈，湖水甘甜，可以饮用。湛蓝的湖水与远方的雪山连为一体，加上两岸各色的山脉、极具特色的藏民族村落、遍地的牛羊，一路走来，心旷神怡。触手可及的卡若拉冰川一个小水库----马拉水库，都可以蓝成这样PS：日喀则限速40公里/小时，老让我们在路边等，看风景晚上入住的丹增旅社，还是一家蛮特色的旅社对面就是古旧的小布达拉宫9.4日喀则3950-拉孜-定日4300-珠峰大本营5200：途径嘉措拉山5248、乌拉山口5210翻越5248米的嘉措拉山这犹如肠子般的道路，真不是一般师傅能开的了的，要技术滴，还要车子滴。。。后驱车前往巍峨壮丽，气势磅礴，蜿蜒千里的喜马拉雅山脉，向地球之颠挺进 PS借宿在珠峰大本营1号营地，这高的海拔，天真的很冷啊夜里黑漆吗乌的一片，我们竟然还有个哥们儿去拍夜珠峰去了，太敬业了，我不得不上几张片片9.5珠峰大本营5200-日喀则3950：日照金山、绒布寺5100、绒布冰川、绒布河、扎什伦布寺不得不说，我们真的是一群幸运的孩子，在西藏这么多天没下雨，而且该看到的风景一览无余，连珠峰都这么给力，一大早露出了金色的笑脸，我拿什么感谢你啊，珠峰！绒布河是由珠峰北坡的三大冰川——东绒布冰川、中绒布冰川、西绒布冰川部分泉水汇集而成的冰水河流。当今世界上保存和发育完好的绒布冰川（平均宽1.4公里,平均厚120米,最厚处在300米以上,有高达数十米的冰陡崖和步步陷阱的明暗冰裂隙,是一个险象环生的冰崩雪崩区）。世界上海拔最高的寺庙--西藏红教寺庙绒布寺5100。当群峰还在晕睡，珠峰已披上女神华服般洵丽夺目的朝霞，伴着珠穆朗玛峰升起的第一缕霞光穿行在巍峨壮丽、气势磅礴、蜿蜒千里的喜马拉雅山脉，在荒芜和寂静中翻越海拔5200米的加乌拉山。远方除了为首的珠穆朗玛峰（海拔8848）以外，周围横亘着尚有拉布吉康峰（海拔7367）、卓奥友峰（海拔8201）、洛子峰（海拔8516）、马卡鲁（海拔8463）等白雪皑皑的世界顶级峰群，眺望雄壮肃穆的希夏邦马峰（海拔8012），一个唯一全境都在中国境内的海拔八千米以上世界顶级山峰。。巅峰之旅结束返回日喀则途中，途观片片田地观班禅大师灵魂安息地、黄教六大寺之一的扎什伦布寺：历经近五个多世纪风雨的扎什伦布寺，依然以它恢宏的气势，绚丽的色彩、神圣而庄严的殿宇耸立于日喀则市西面的尼玛山上9.6日喀则3950-拉萨3650，沿途欣赏后藏大漠景色 途经发源于喜玛拉雅山北坡的雅鲁藏布江流域，千百年来，江水奔腾不息，流过大半个西藏高原，一路上劈山跨涧，坡势愈发陡峻，景色更为壮观.PS今天，我们一起相处了4天的8人这张最齐（广东刘Sir,陕西红雷哥哥，陕西赵大叔，浙江黄磊弟弟，安徽邓超，ME，安徽朱小姐，新疆萧萧）在明天就要分道扬镳了，回家的、继续前行的即将各奔东西，晚上嗨皮了下下9.7拉萨-纳木错4718-拉萨：沿途观赏藏北大草原、青藏公路、圣火采集点，翻越那根拉山、游览西藏三大圣湖之一的纳木措，远观“光明之神”念青唐古拉山。PS：八角街闲逛中川藏8天之旅开始：著名的G318，中国最美的风景线川藏线，沿途有翻不完的山，淌不完的水，以及沼泽、冻土区、地震区、碎石塌方区、原始森林和大冰川。一路上景观千变万化：有高山峡谷，有一望无际的草原，有雪山草甸，还有沿途随见的经幡、玛尼石、藏寺和多姿多彩的民俗民风，充满了刺激，充满了魅力，旅途虽然艰辛，但一路风景壮丽，是旅游探险爱好者和摄影师的极乐所在。这一次，我选择的是中国最美的风景线----川藏南线！ 9.8拉萨—68km—墨竹工卡—206km—工布江达—127km—八一—19km—林芝—70km—鲁朗主要景点：追龙藏布大峡谷， 原始森林， 雪山冰川， 易贡藏布，追龙藏布与易贡藏布交汇后、就是藏区仅次于雅鲁藏布的第二条大河“帕隆藏布”， 鲁朗林海观景台， 色季拉山（4650m）， 尼洋河与雅鲁藏布汇合处，巨柏树。早起从圣城拉萨出发，途经工布江达县，沿拉萨河谷行驶，翻越第一座雪山——米拉山到达墨竹工卡。再沿途出发欣赏尼洋河风光，传说尼洋河是“神女的眼泪”汇聚而成的，水色清幽明澈，绿波见底。然后前往尼洋河，它是一条非常美丽的河,它是雅鲁藏布江的一条支流。藏语称河为“曲”,称湖为“错”。尼洋河,藏人叫它尼洋曲。而“拉康”是宫殿的意思。([]
达达兔午夜起神影院
蔡哲荣1. 北欧极光摄影之旅 - 瑞典篇 （斯德哥尔摩) https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1944636-1-1.html2. 北欧极光摄影之旅 - 瑞典 （基律纳+ 阿比斯库）初遇极光 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1949117-1-1.html3. 北欧极光摄影之旅 - 挪威（令人伤心的特鲁姆索）：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1954266-1-1.html4. 北欧极光摄影之旅 - 挪威 （阿尔塔 + 北角）北欧大陆的“最北端”：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1960333-1-1.html5. 北欧极光摄影之旅 - 格陵兰（努克的极光）：https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1973832-1-1.html 飞到格陵兰的第三大城市 伊卢利萨特， 也是我们冬季来格陵兰的最终目的地，一会儿告诉大家为什么。其实在格陵兰可以玩的项目非常多，狗拉雪橇，观鲸，直升飞机航拍，冰谷徒步，坐船看冰山但是因为气候的原因很多都不开放了。还好我已经提前在网上联系这边一家旅游公司，预定了直升飞机，徒步，和游船，不然真的是要无功而返了。首先还是要赞一下这边的酒店的服务态度，因为昨晚格陵兰航空的航班取消，北极酒店在得知消息后并没有收取我们第一天的房钱，还为我们9人提供了专车机场接送。让我们感觉到这边的人是非常友好的。在酒店询问了一下去往市区的路线，出乎我的意料，这里竟然提供免费的穿梭小客车服务，每隔一小时一班，能直接把我们放在旅行社门口，这在这里实在不用我这个领队操心了。活动项目： 1. 直升机航拍 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1984743-pid-40351128.html 2. 冰原徒步 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1984743-pid-40351441.html 3. 小船观冰山 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1984743-pid-40419770.html因为当地的天气问，光线并不是很好。 很多照片缺少色彩，索性后期就修改成了黑白，或加深了色彩。 因此失去了景点画面的真实性，望大家多包涵。伊卢利萨特在格陵兰岛的西部海岸上，在北极圈以北200公里左右的地方。虽然是格陵兰第3大城市，但是却也只有4500人左右。在Kalaallisut语言里， 伊卢利萨特是冰山的意思，而伊卢利萨特冰原是这里最吸引人的景点。拍摄于北极酒店海岸，那里养了几条阿拉斯加雪橇犬 （应该是吧）， 经常一起嬉戏。红色的桥一直伸向海边，在夏天的时候可以在那里散步，不过冬天还是算了吧！ 冻个半个小时整个人都僵了。这一条阿拉斯加幼犬，估计也就是3-4个月大吧，自己在厨房门口玩雪，我摸了摸，并不怕我。"冰很好吃吗？ 你舔个没完啦？"年幼就是可爱，自己都可以和自己玩。伊卢利萨特的全景，旅游业击败了渔业成为了这里的经济脊柱！拍了一会儿，实在是受不了了，外面的寒冷加上强风，吹得我手指都没知觉了，回到酒店大厅里休息一下。酒店一层有一间餐厅，可能是因为有会议的原因，这里已经被北欧女性占领了，全都是女的！ 我把摄影装备放在了大厅的沙发上，突然间装饰柜上的牛头骨一起了我的兴趣，大家觉得这是哪一种牛类呢？对了，还没介绍酒店呢 - Hotel Arctic, 格陵兰 伊卢利萨特的北极酒店是世界上最北的4星级酒店，在伊卢利萨特机场不远处。 当时因航班延误，我前一晚的6间房间都及时取消了，当时我还夸奖格陵兰航空的办事效率，结果到了酒店才知道，这家酒店就是航空公司开的... 北极酒店有85间客房，另外在沿海处还建了5间铝制的冰屋，一会儿照片里就能看见了。酒店前台上有各式各样介绍当地旅游的宣传单，可以随时联系，不过如果你到这里的时间有限，那就必须提前安排了。我一边看着宣传单上的价格，一边喝着酒店提供的免费咖啡 （或茶），吃着甜点，补充能量。 比较着宣传单上的价格和我提前预定活动的价格，我暗暗的窃喜了一下。从酒店的窗户里就能看见远处的冰山了，没想到除了在南极，又一次看到了这么壮丽的景色。铝制的冰屋，里面是什么样子就真的不清楚了。伊卢利萨特平均气温 从夏天的+8度，到冬天的-16度，很少降雨量，所以也没有什么植物。从1990年开始这里的人口一直在4100-4500人左右，然而这个城市却有降级1万条雪橇犬。到了2月的时候就可以在冰原上玩狗拉雪橇了。狗狗们的脖子上栓了铁链，平时就在外面待着！ 这两头正对我行注目礼呢。差不多快中午了，我们吃过了午餐就可以出发了。 酒店每个小时都会发一班车去市中心，当然是免费的，就停在了离我预定的户外旅行社不远的地方，第一个项目就是直升机航拍伊卢利萨特冰原。我们坐着旅行社的车开到了机场，稍等了片刻，经过飞行员讲解了这个项目的安全须知，路线安排后就直接走到了停机坪了。直升机是只可以容纳5位游客观光，为了拍到比较清晰的照片，我自告奋勇的做到了前排。。。（后排的朋友真的对不起了！！） 一开始上升的时候，还真有点不适应，虽然不是第一次坐直升飞机，但是因为当时的风力比较大，多少还是有些不稳定。 驾驶员是个年轻的挪威人，操作起来很熟悉，人很和蔼，当然也会说英文这样交流起来就没有任何问了。驾驶舱内不同的计量表，根本看不懂，估计时时要了解的东西会非常多。很小巧的指南针方向就挂在前窗上，确实我们正在向东南方飞行。在这种直升飞机上，一定要带上耳机，不然螺旋桨的噪音会带来很大的伤害。 我带着耳机，用耳麦和驾驶员沟通，经过磋商，他同意在回程的时候，为我们在比较好看的地方多盘旋几圈。Jakobshavn Glacier 就是 伊卢利萨特冰川了。 当地人叫它 Sermeq Kujalleq， 意思是南方的冰川。 它位于伊卢利萨特的南边，包含了整个格陵兰的冰盖有6.5%的面积， 格陵兰一年之内有10%的冰山都会在这里形成。不过令人遗憾的是冰川正在慢慢向后减少，所以我们大概要飞行20分钟才能抵达那堵高大的冰墙。这个冰川的移动速度是很惊人的，差不多以 每天20米流向西边的海洋。无数的小型冰山被堵在了这个冰河里看的比较清楚了吧， 下面的冰块一片接一片的，远处也已经可以模糊的看到了那一堵冰墙。因为当时的阳光很强，所以加上冰块的反光，很难拍出效果。 所以我把以下的照片做了大量的后期处理，变成黑白或加深色彩来显示， 有失原景的真实性，请大家多包涵。偶尔也会遇到一两块大型的冰山([]
电影天堂电影免费电影在线观看神马高清私人
蔡定妤走进世博会——中国2010年上海世博会介绍（世博系列之一）目 录 前言 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主 3、以往部分世博会简介 二、中国与世界博览会 1、中国与世博会的渊源 2、中国参加世博会的获奖产品 3、新中国参加过的历届世博会 4、中国以往举办的世园会 三、2010年世界博览会（Expo 2010）总体介绍 1、上海世博会申办的过程 2、世博会主 3、会徽 4、吉祥物 5、确认参展的国家和组织 6、上海世博会场地 7、上海世博会园区规划 8、2010年上海世博会门票 9、上海世博会世博轴 10、上海世博会世博公园 11、上海世博会演艺中心 12、上海世博会世博中心 13、上海世博会世博论坛 14、上海世博会网上世博会 15、上海世博会文化演艺活动 16、上海世博会世博村 四、参展展馆 1、上海世博会主馆 2、上海世博会中国国家馆 3、亚洲馆 4、欧洲馆 5、美洲馆 6、非洲馆 7、大洋洲馆 8、其他国际组织馆 9、企业馆 10、上海世博会城市最佳实践区1# 老顽童thtsjy 前 言 2010年是世博年，我们作为本届世博会举办地——上海的市民，愿为世博会尽绵薄之力。为此，我们综合了参观《走进世博会——中国2010年世博会暨世博会历史回顾展览》（在上海展览馆举办）、探访“中国2010年上海世博会展示中心”（位于淮海中路香港新世界大厦三楼）以及收集的有关世博会资料，整理成庚寅年第一帖，奉献给诸位参考。鉴于我们自身文字和拍照水平的局限、收集资料渠道的受限、整理功力的有限，本帖存在诸多不足，恳请各位指教，深表感谢！ 16# zj522522 感谢以上各位支持，祝你们虎年吉祥！ 17# 老顽童thtsjy 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 在古代农耕社会，人们往往在庆贺丰收、宗教仪式、欢度喜庆的节日里展开交易活动，后来逐渐发展成为定期的、有固定场所的、以物品交换为目的的大型贸易及展示的集会。这就是世博会的最早形式。公元5世纪，波斯举办了第一个超越集市功能的展览会。 18世纪，随着新技术和新产品的不断出现，人们逐渐想到举办与集市相似，但只展不卖，以宣传、展出新产品和成果为目的的展览会。1791年捷克在首都布拉格首次举办了这样的展览会。随着科学技术的进步，社会生产力的发展，展览会的规模也逐步扩大，参展的地域范围从一地扩大到全国，由国内延伸到国外，直至发展成为由许多国家参与的世界性博览会。 26# 老顽童thtsjy 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主1851年英国伦敦万国工业产品大博览会1853年美国纽约万国工业产品博览会1855年法国巴黎世界工农业和艺术博览会1862年英国伦敦国际工业和艺术博览会1865年爱尔兰都柏林世界博览会1867年法国巴黎第2届巴黎世界博览会1873年奥地利维也纳世界博览会1876年美国费城美国独立百年展览会1878年法国巴黎第3届巴黎世界博览会1880年澳大利亚墨尔本世界博览会1883年荷兰阿姆斯特丹国际博览会1889年法国巴黎第4届巴黎世界博览会1893年美国芝加哥哥伦布纪念博览会1897年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1900年法国巴黎第5届巴黎世界博览会1904年美国纪念路易斯安娜购置一百周年博览会1905年比利时列日世界博览会1906年意大利米兰世界博览会1908年英国伦敦世界博览会1910年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1913年比利时甘特世界博览会1915年美国旧金山巴拿马太平洋博览会1925年法国巴黎国际装饰美术博览会1926年美国费城建国150周年世界博览会1929年西班牙巴塞罗那世界博览会1933年美国芝加哥世界博览会——“一个世纪的进步”1935年比利时布鲁塞尔万国博览会——“通过竞争获取和平”1936年瑞典斯德哥尔摩世界博览会1937年法国巴黎现代生活艺术世界博览会——“现代世界的艺术和技术”1938年芬兰赫尔辛基航空世界博览会1939年比利时国际水资源博览会1939-1940年美国纽约世界博览会——“明日新世界”1939-1940年美国旧金山金门世界博览会1949年瑞典国际体育博览会1949年海地王子港世界博览会1953年以色列耶路撒冷世界博览会1954年意大利航海世界博览会1955年瑞典世界生活艺术博览会1955年意大利都灵国际体育博览会1956年以色列柑橘栽培展览会1957年德国柏林世界博览会1958比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会——“科学、文明和人性”1961年意大利都灵世界博览会1962年美国西雅图廿一世纪博览——“太空时代的人类”1964-1965年美国纽约世界博览会——“通过理解走向和平”1965年德国慕尼黑交通运输世界博览会1967年加拿大蒙持利尔世界博览会——“人类与世界”1968年美国圣安东尼奥世界博览会——“美洲大陆的文化交流”1970年日本大阪日本世界博览会——“人类的进步与和谐”1971年匈牙利布达佩斯世界狩猎博览会1974年美国斯波坎环境世界博览会——“无污染的进步”1975年日本冲绳国际海洋博览会——“海洋-充满希望的未来”1981年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1982年美国诺克斯维世界能源博览会——“能源-世界的原动力”1984年美国新奥尔良路易西安纳世界博览会——“河流的世界-水乃生命之源”1985年日本筑波万国博览会——“居住与环境人类的家居科技”1985年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1986年加拿大温哥华世界交通与通讯博览会——“交通与运输”1988年澳大利亚布里斯班世界博览会——“科技时代的休闲生活”1990年日本大阪世界博览会——“人类与自然”1991年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1992年西班牙塞维利亚世界博览会——“发现的时代”1992年意大利热那亚世界博览会——“哥伦布-船与海”1993年韩国大田世界博览会——“新的起飞之路”1998年葡萄牙里斯本海洋博览会——“海洋——未来的财富”1999年中国昆明世界博览会——“人与自然，迈向二十一世纪”2000年德国汉诺威世界博览会——“人类-自然-科技-发展”2005年日本爱知爱．地球博——“自然、城市、和谐——生活的艺术”2008年西班牙萨拉戈萨世界博览会2010年中国上海世界博览会——“城市,让生活更美好”2012年韩国丽水世界博览会2015年意大利米兰世界博览会 29# 老顽童thtsjy 3、历届部分世博会简介 水晶宫的魅力——1851年英国伦敦第一届世界博览会纪实 全世界第一场世界博览会——1851年万国工业博览会在英国首都伦敦的海德公园举行，展期是1851年5月1日至10月11日，主要内容是世界文化与工业科技，借此博览会英国在当时展现了工业革命后技冠群雄、傲视全球的辉煌成果。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了首届世博会 19世纪前半叶，欧洲工业革命正如火如荼地进行，科学技术的飞速发展，使人类生活发生了巨大的变化。 在英国，自维多利亚女王登基后，当时的英国在世界工业中一马当先。同时资本的高速聚集和运作，英国也成为当时欧洲金融的中心。这些因素触发了英国将在世界舞台上演绎主角的欲望。 此前，欧洲各国举办工业博览会已不是新鲜事，特别是英国、法国在工业革命的推动下，都举办了多届有影响的工业产品博览会，以此来推广本国的工业生产技术和宣传新产品。频频举办工业博览会使英国萌发了举办一次世界各国参与的博览会。 成立于1754年的英国皇家艺术协会历来承担国家展览会的组织工作，担任皇家艺术协会主席的阿尔伯特亲王具有一种与传统理念所不同的开明思想和创新精神。1849年，艺术协会开始酝酿筹划规模更大的博览会时，阿尔伯特提出“博览会必须是国际性的、展品要有外国产品参加”的设想，要求能在伦敦海德公园中找到最好的展览场地，以举办一届规模宏大的世界博览会。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了第一届世博会在英国诞生。 确立规则，女王广邀宾客 1849年6月30日，一次历史性的会议在白金汉宫召开，参加者有皇家艺术协会成员、全国博览会组委会成员、建筑公司成员和阿尔伯特亲王。会议作出了7项重要决定：1、世博会展品分为四个大类：原材料、机械、工业制品和雕塑作品；2、将建一幢特别临时建筑作为世博会展厅；3、举办场地选在海德公园南侧；4、博览会将是国际性的，由国家发出参展邀请；5、组委会将提供大量奖金以鼓励参展者；6、将成立一个皇家委员会来主办世博会；7、世博会财政集资由艺术家协会负责。 会议之后，组委会立即起草并提交给政府关于成立世博会皇家委员会的申请。组委会成员到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的65个城镇和法国等一些欧洲国家进行了游说，动员参展。 1849年10月17日，组委会举行了一次大规模的公共会议，向伦敦市最有影响力的商人和银行家描述了世博会的整个计划。艺术协会的项目融资也有了进展，25万英镑的保证金解决了财务问。很快，议会两院也以多数票同意在海德公园内举行博览会。 1850年1月3日，世博会皇家委员会成立。随后，维多利亚女王便以国家名义向世界各国发出世博会参展邀请。 31# 老顽童thtsjy 一个方案拯救了首届世博会 世博会的筹备工作开局颇为顺利，但是困难却是接踵而来。一是时间紧，距世博会开幕仅有一年半，具体工作尚未启动；二是集资困难，运作资金尚有很大缺口；三是社会上有大量意见反对使用海德公园举办世博会，因为建造展馆将会破坏树林和环境。但最大的麻烦是世博会展馆的设计与建造问。 1849年底成立的世博会建筑委员会立即向各国发出展馆设计的邀请。尽管方案征集仅有三个星期，但委员会仍收到245个方案，却没有一个获胜者。因为所有方案都是古典、永久性的建筑形式。这不仅使阿尔伯特等陷入困境，甚至有导致世博会流产的危险。 正在皇家委员会一筹莫展时，一个不经意的方案不仅成功地挽救了世博会，更是成为人类历史上的里程碑作品，甚至建筑物作品的本身成为了第一届世博会最成功的展品。这便是园艺工约瑟夫·帕克斯顿和他的创作“水晶宫”。 意外发现睡莲化作“水晶宫” 1837年，一位英国探险家在圭亚那发现美丽的王莲，便采集种子带回英国交给查丝华斯庄园首席园艺师约瑟夫·帕克斯顿(Joseph Paxton)种植。三个月后，王莲长出11片巨大的叶子和开出美丽的花朵。帕克斯顿将花以维多利亚命名王莲Victoria amazonica Sowerby（Royal Water Lily,Amazon Water-platter），并作为礼物送给了维多利亚女王。自此他与阿尔伯特亲王相识并成为挚友。 王莲越长越大。有一天他把7岁的小女儿抱在其中一片叶子上观赏花朵，水上飘逸的绿叶居然轻而易举地承担起她的体重。帕克斯顿翻开叶子观察其背面，只见粗壮的径脉纵横呈环形交错，构成既美观又可以负担巨大的承重力的整体。这个发现顿时给了他灵感，一种新的建筑理念在脑中形成。不久他在为王莲建造查丝华斯温室时，用铁栏和木制拱胁为结构、玻璃为墙面，首创了新颖的温室。该建筑除了简洁明快的功能外，建筑构件可以预先制造，不同构件可以根据建筑大小需要组合装配，这样的建筑成本低廉，施工快捷。 帕克斯顿听说了在海德公园建造展览场馆之事，立即毛遂自荐愿意提供他的建筑方案。 帕克斯顿的设计方案在众人的关注下最终被敲定，记者Douglas Jerrold在报上将它称之为“水晶宫”，这个名称一直流传至今。1850年9月26日，水晶宫奠基。6个月不到就竣工了。 整幢建筑是现代化大规模工业生产技术的结晶。 38# 老顽童thtsjy 博览盛会，创造历史 水晶宫建造的同时，组委会挑选和收集各类展品的工作进展加快。博览会共有18000个参加商，提供了10万多件展品。 组委会另设特别评选委员会对展品评选，评出5084奖项，其中外国人获得3045项。 1851年5月1日早上9时，水晶宫开门接纳来参加开幕式的客人。50多万人聚集在海德公园四周。11时30分，9驾皇家马车列队离开了白金汉宫前往海德公园参加世博会开幕大典，12时的钟声敲响，在“哈利路亚”乐曲声中，王室和他们的随行人员进入展览宫。 水晶宫内挂满万国彩旗，参观人流摩肩接踵，各种工艺品、艺术雕塑琳琅满目、目不暇接。人们惊奇地观看来自不同国家的发明、珍奇和不同产品。 参观者最感兴趣的是不同的机器发明。人们目瞪口呆地看着开槽机，钻孔机，拉线机，纺纱机，造币机，抽水机等各种机器工作，让人领悟到工业革命给世界带来的变化。 当然，最受赞誉的还是水晶宫，这座原本是为世博会展品提供展示的场馆却成了第一届世博会中最成功的作品和展品。水晶宫成为世博会的志。水晶宫成就了世博会的举办，世博会的成功又为世界上第一次聚集众多国家，为了一个和平的目的交流不同文化、科技成果开创了先例。 1851年共有6039195人次参观了首届世博会。 同年10月14日伦敦世博会举行了闭幕式，世博会圆满结束，并获得了186437英镑的利润。 世博会结束后水晶宫移至伦敦南部的西得汉姆，并以更大的规模重新建造，1854年6月10日由维多利亚女王主持向公众开放。它作为伦敦的娱乐中心存在了82年。1936年11月30日晚上6点，中央大厅员工厕所突然着火，大火烧遍了整幢建筑。水晶宫的焚毁宣告了辉煌的维多利亚时代结束。 43# 老顽童thtsjy 1853年美国纽约世博会 1853年的世博会在美国纽约举办，主办者效仿英国也用钢铁和玻璃建造了一个大型展馆，同样称之为“水晶宫”，但规模却小得多，仅及英国的三分之一。 45# 老顽童thtsjy 46# 老顽童thtsjy 胜家缝纫机公司（Singer）是美国第一家成功的跨国公司，其主打产品——缝纫机被誉为继农用锄具发明之后的又一伟大发明，并被称为“世界上最著名的机械”。1853年纽约世博会上展出的胜家缝纫机已具备以后一百多年间的家用缝纫机的基本功能。 47# 老顽童thtsjy 48# 老顽童thtsjy 1852年，奥的斯发明了动力上升梯子的安全装置，并在1853年纽约世博会上演示其发明。现代电梯仍使用奥的斯当年的发明创造。 52# 老顽童thtsjy 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会上，一种起源于古罗马、风行于16世纪欧洲宫廷、而为爱尔兰妇女所钟爱的蕾丝作品，以其华美典丽而令人炫目，并由此推广成为平民女子的美丽服饰。 54# 老顽童thtsjy 1867年巴黎世博会 1867年在法国巴黎举办的世博会，已经具备了现代世博会的雏形。主展馆为490X380米的巨大橄圆形建筑，中心为公园，四周为展厅，16条通道分割展区，给各参展国设计自己独立的展馆。 57# 老顽童thtsjy 蓝色的多瑙河——记1873年维也纳世博会 世博会的举办与规划 十九世纪中后期，通过举办世博会来提高国家地位，已被许多国家认同和追逐。1870年，奥地利政府为将首都维也纳推进到世界先进城市行列，同时也为清除1866年普奥战争失败后的笼罩在城市上空的阴霾，向世界宣布：举办1873年维也纳世界博览会，主为纪念约瑟夫一世执政25周年。 世博会举办地选择在风光秀丽的多瑙河边，这条河随着几年前施特劳斯著名的圆舞曲《蓝色的多瑙河》而名声鹊起。维也纳中央公园被选作博览会会场，面积达233公倾。维也纳市政当局想利用举办世博会的时机，对旧城区建筑大举实施改造，拆去城壁，打通市中心与郊外的联系，多瑙河也在整改范围之列，涉及水道绵延半英里，拓展河道工程产生的50万立方的砂砾被用于世博会会址之用。整个工程规划由建筑师凯利·哈森那根据意大利文艺复兴时期的风格设计。由于前几届世博会的启示，维也纳世博会的组织者已开始注重建筑的功能与美观结合，强调建筑的整体魅力。设计中的宏伟庞大的主建筑群——工业宫，面积达7万平方米,工业宫建筑结构合理，长907米,宽206米。中央与园顶大厅相连,两侧留有宽25米主廊，主廊与长145米、宽15米的侧廊相交。侧廊之间有多个宽45米,长75米庭院,所有建筑均建有屋顶，观众入口装饰处建造了凯旋门和不同历史风格的大门。工业宫建筑开创了世博会历史中建造大型联体展览建筑物的先列。 60# 老顽童thtsjy 世界第八大奇观——圆顶大厅罗托纳达 维也纳世博会上建筑亮点是由斯各特·罗素设计的工业宫中央圆顶大厅罗托纳达。罗素曾担任1851年伦敦世博会参展委员会的秘书。该大厅设计显然受到了1851年世博会“官方”建筑计划书的启发，风格极其相同。 罗托纳达圆形大厅，顶高83米,直径约110米,成为当时世界上最大的圆顶大厅建筑，比罗马的圣·皮耶尔大教堂的48米圆顶和伦敦的圣保罗大教堂37米圆顶确实大了许多。圆形大厅的结构也是用金属制作，建设周期仅18个月,时间之短在当时令人难以置信。建筑被称之为世界第八大奇观。圆形大厅其锥形屋顶由32根粗大的柱子支撑，圆顶之上有一个直径为28米的穹隆塔顶，再上面是一个直径为7米的小型穹隆灯塔，最高处是一个奥地利皇冠的巨大复制品，由皇冠珠宝的仿制品装饰。 这个巨大的园顶建筑物引起了轰动效应，也倾倒了观众。世博会期间共有206270位参观者踏着台阶登到圆顶皇冠处，饱览维也纳城市的迷人景色并为壮观的建筑而荣耀。 整个博览会除工业宫建筑群外，还有机械厅、美术馆、园艺馆等新建190多幢建筑，整个世博会把现实和艺术，现代和古老，东方和西方不同建筑元素和谐地融为一体。 64# 老顽童thtsjy 布展独特展品丰富 建筑群内的中央广场呈东西走向，圆形大厅中央安放着土耳其苏丹二赠送的美丽装饰喷泉。四周由回廊环绕，陈列各国展品。维也纳世博会组织者，为了使展品分类越加合理，将展品分成26种，分类数增加到162个,其目的是“将创造发明、工业化生产与人类教育、生活品味和生活质量的发展相适应”。 16个展示厅内布局根据国家位置而设计展示体系，每个国家的展品都靠着其地理上的邻国，所以只要观赏了不同国家的展品，就可以获知基本的世界地理知识。 奥地利展品中给人印象比较深的是一副刻画政治家在普法战争中形象的象牙棋子和一颗重达8吨、长50英尺放置在水银池中的巨型炮弹，使人想起1866年那场不幸的那场战争。 埃及展示了世界注目的苏伊士运河工程模型。埃及政府把设计展区的任务委托给了一批德国的著名埃及史研究专家。他们在设计中将四年前刚开始动工的工程建筑与埃及风光、风情巧妙结合，把埃及的地理、历史和社会进程关系完美的展示给观众。 瑞典提供了一个模范学校的教育展示，从教室的课桌设计到学生教材丛书和办学规划，让观众了解公共教育的重要性。 维也纳世博会主办者强调发明和设计理念：科学和艺术，工业和手艺、过去和将来之间，需在美感和实用性的大前提下具有审美价值，构建完美的和谐关系。文化艺术类展品则显示了主办国-维也纳城市特有的强项。 世博会中，奥地利为维也纳城市设计了专展览，展览以丰富多样的形式，详细阐述了建成于罗马时代的维也纳城市中城堡、宫殿、街道、广场和著名建筑物的历史故事。该展览最令人激动的是节日欢庆和比赛活动部分，每天的露天音乐会，由约翰.施特劳斯指挥管弦乐队演奏不同圆舞曲和圣歌，当然最受欢迎的便是“蓝色的多瑙河”，因为只有在音乐之都-维也纳，在美丽的多瑙河边，在世博会特有欢乐的氛围中聆听施特劳斯亲自演绎的“蓝色的多瑙河”，才能真正体验和感受到艺术家的真情和艺术作品的魅力所在。 维也纳世博会中有两个艺术展馆展示来自世界各地的艺术珍品。法国、俄罗斯提供了众多的名家绘画作品。维也纳画家汉斯麦卡特画成的那幅长17米宽4米的巨作，尤其受人瞩目。 古典艺术品中有希腊、意大利送来的大理石雕像，其中有帕台农圣庙的复制品和米洛的维纳斯雕像，据说当时维纳斯的双手还在。 维也纳世博会于1873年5月1日开幕，11月2日闭幕，共有35个国家、4万多参展商应邀参加，仅有725万人次参观了世博会。最后财务的统计表明，世博会的总投资956万美元，但收益仅是其开支的六分之一，被认为是19世纪重大的财政失败例子之一。 维也纳世博会结束后，工业宫部分建筑群成为了维也纳玉米交易所，机器厅等被专门划出用于北方铁路货物和谷物储存中心。但是工业宫建筑和著名的圆顶建筑也同许多历史上世博会建筑一样，遭遇了悲惨的命运，它被1937年的一场大火摧毁。 66# 老顽童thtsjy 1876年费城世博会 1876年的美国费城世博会是一次重要的博览会，这是一届为庆祝美国建国百年而举办的世博会。费城的费尔蒙特公园，是世界上最大的城市公园，也是1876年世博会会址。 68# 老顽童thtsjy 自由女神像是法国赠送给美国的礼物。为参加费城世博会庆典，就将已完成了的自由女神像手臂和火炬先送去。直到1886年，自由女神像才在美国纽约安装完毕。 70# 老顽童thtsjy 爱迪生是19世纪最伟大的发明家，他的许多发明都曾在早期世博会上展出。 73# 老顽童thtsjy 就在这一年，贝尔博士发明了世界第一部电话，立即送到了博览会上展出，也是在这一年，中国第一条铁路在吴淞至上海开通。 75# 老顽童thtsjy 1878年法国巴黎世博会 爱迪生发明的话筒、留声机等在本届世博会上展出。 78# 老顽童thtsjy 永远的埃菲尔铁塔——1889年巴黎世博会的产物 铁塔的由来 1884年11月8日,法国下院议会做出决定：1889年5月3日至11月6日，法国巴黎将举办第三届世博会。主：庆祝法国大革命胜利100周年。 1886年5月，世博会组委会组织博览会的规划设计招。中者中有设计师古斯塔夫·埃菲尔。埃菲尔建议世博会场地放在巴黎火星广场和托罗卡德罗地区，展览面积100公顷。他在规划中创意建造一座300米高的志性建筑塔。 世博会的组织者们更是兴奋地建议：百年盛会中建造的志性高塔建筑，必须征集到大师们的作品，因为只有大师蕴涵的艺术天赋作品才能完美体现法国崇尚文化，独具和无可争议的优势。 招的结果是收到了1000份极富创意的方案，其中花样百出。如，设计一座巨大的断头台以象征帝国的死亡。设计一座350米的金字塔，塔上雕刻有英雄雕像和浮雕以描述大革命的主要事件等等。 但是，最“异想天开”的设计，还是来自年轻的设计师，古斯塔夫.埃菲尔的金属拱门塔方案。埃菲尔创意：“建造一座新颖的金属凯旋拱门来为现代科学和法国工业增光。这座拱门会给人独特的印象，也会超过历史上各种凯旋门形式。” 组委会委员、市政当局经比较和讨论，最终埃菲尔的铁塔门方案获得批准，当时新闻界大多数人也都对此方案表示欢迎。不过，所有人并没有料到，他们通过的这个方案成就了世博会历史上最激动人心的作品，也使1889年的世博会成为了经典。 80# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔设计和建造 古斯塔夫-埃菲尔，1832年生于第戎，中学毕业后，他到巴黎中央大学求学。他在设计建造波尔多的杜罗河桥时，由于解决了桥梁支柱的稳定性的难而初露峰芒。很快，他又参与设计在美国纽约“自由女神”像，因内部复杂的结构而名杨四海。通过一个个大胆创新的建筑项目中，年轻的埃菲尔的才能很快得到了充分展示。 埃菲尔在方案通过后，在40个助手帮助下，绘制了5300幅工程图，涉及到建筑18038个部位。 1886年11月5日，法国贸易部长批准了埃菲尔团队提交的最后方案。并提供其预算2750万法郎中五分之一的资金。埃菲尔抵押了他的公司并设法筹足剩余五分之四的资金。 1887年1月铁塔正式开工，整个工地成了一个巨大的钢铁加工厂，每段钢材都在工厂里依照严密的计算，根据图纸精确制造，然后又严格检验、编号、并按图纸进行组装。高塔建造时现场并没有什么辅助脚架,全靠精密的计算和严密的管理，一根根沉重的钢材凭借手动液压装置精确顶到位置，再由人工用一个个烧红的铆钉，挥舞着铁锥一锤一锤加以铆接固定。铁塔用去15000根钢铁材料，二百五十万个铆钉，整座塔楼在水泥混凝土加固的底座上矗立。工程在28个月工期里，始终体现着严格而科学的秩序。 82# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔引发的争议 埃菲尔自设计铁塔开始，面对的不仅是创新的技术难，还有因铁塔而引发的一场社会争议。因为，他的“通天塔”不仅激发了人们浓厚的好奇心，也产生了巨大的困惑。巴黎杰出的哥特建筑学派专家认为从数学角度考虑建造铁塔是不可能的。而最大的反对意见来自于巴黎的文学艺术家们。以著名作家盖.德.莫泊桑为首的47位著名人士发起了一项反对铁塔名活动，名的备忘录提交给巴黎政府并在报纸上公开发表。 反对和争议没有阻止建筑的进程，埃菲尔面对各种压力，始终沉着冷静，他认为铁塔一定会成功，他坚信建造铁塔将是完成一座人类理想的丰碑。 铁塔在塞纳河边渐渐升高，反对的意见逐步减少。人们开始冷静地看待铁塔，并对它的整体进行评估：大胆独创的铁塔，新颖别致的造型，直冲天穹的力量，张扬中却又充溢着浪漫的轻盈。这一切不又体现了法兰西民族独有的创造和创新的精神吗？ 84# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔建造成功 1889年3月31日星期日，铁塔主建筑完工，埃菲尔与一些世博会高官一起登上了塔顶，并发射了21发礼炮以示庆祝。埃菲尔升起法国三色国旗并骄傲的宣告“现在，世界上只有法国国旗能飘扬在300米的高空”。 艾菲尔铁塔，这个曾被嘲笑为“悲剧式的蜡烛台”，“可怕的钢材堆”“巨大的工业烟囱”为法国1889年巴黎世博会带来激情和滚滚财源。 艾菲尔与巴黎政府的铁塔合约在1889年5月起开始回报，根据合同条款，20年中，铁塔收益归艾菲尔所有，铁塔就象一个金矿，这个金矿给艾菲尔带来了极大的效益。 当20年后，铁塔移交给巴黎市，艾菲尔和巴黎市政府并没有料到，铁塔的收益会不断延续，在一个世纪后，铁塔仍然游人如织。 86# 老顽童thtsjy 世博会时的铁塔 1889年5月6日，随着埃菲尔铁塔上一声炮响，世博会正式开放，会期每天早晨铁塔上的炮声和晚上铁塔的灯光不仅成为世博会的景观，更是成为巴黎都市浪漫生活的组成。由于采用了电灯照明技术，这也成为第一次晚上也开放的世博会。 1889年世博会期间，登塔成为参观的主要目的和时髦，共有2百万人在会期参观了铁塔。 埃菲尔铁塔有三层：第一层为57.63米，设不同的餐厅；第二层115.73米，设不同的办公室，特别是费加罗报的办公室，负责为参观者办理登塔证书；第三层276.13米，是服务区、气象台，实验室（物理，气象，生物）和艾菲尔的办公室，一般不对游人开放。 埃菲尔铁塔有一部电梯，每次可容纳100人，斜升到57米高一层，另外一部可载50人的垂直电梯，开到115米高。电梯每小时可供2400人用。参观人也可以通过1792级楼梯徒步登塔，到顶层鸟瞰巴黎全景。 1886年，本茨制成世界上第一辆三轮内燃机汽车。1889年，本茨亲自驾驶着汽车在展示，大受欢迎，也预示人类的汽车时代已经到来。 1889年11月6日，法国卡尔诺总统主持了的盛大的世博会闭幕仪式，世博会明星爱迪生用新近发明的留声机，以播放埃菲尔宣布闭幕的声音作为博览会闭幕节目。 88# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔的精神 1923年埃菲尔去世时，他的铁塔仍是世界上最高的建筑物，这一记录一直保持到1930年纽约克莱斯勒大厦建成，它比埃菲尔铁塔仅高出几米。 100多年来，埃菲尔铁塔历经风雨，屹立在塞纳河边，并成为巴黎城市的组成部分。百岁铁塔并没有因时间推移而失去代表时尚的美名，它那高耸、浪漫的丰韵成为了法国的志。它凝聚着崇尚创新的法兰西民族精神，它张扬着近代科学文明的威力，它彰显着巴黎城市无穷的文化魅力。 当然，人们也不会忘记伟大的世界博览会，正是这样的一个创造、创新的舞台造就不朽的埃菲尔先生和永远的埃菲尔铁塔。 90# 老顽童thtsjy 1893年美国芝加哥世博会 而今我们日常生活中离不开的拉链是由美国工程师Whitcomb L Judson发明并在1893年芝加哥世博会上亮相。 ([]
97高清国语自产2022一区
郭哲嘉《最后的藏地：甘青川大环线》 序2007年，随着一篇帖子误打误撞地进入了川西的藏区后，在接下去的几年，藏地，就像魔咒般地吸引着我。我和我的兄弟，因此，有了藏地五年计划。今年，是我们行游藏地的第五年，也是藏地五年计划的最后一年。五年来，我们很幸运，也很执著：07年，我们第一次来到了藏区。我们惊艳于新都桥的光影和八美的柔情；而穿越四姑娘让我们第一次有了驴的感觉。08年，贡嘎的壮美、剪子弯的高原草甸、外星球般的海子山、仙乃日的威严、雨崩的神秘和一妻多夫以及雨崩小学的张老师和十个小时的的梅里穿越，更给我烙下了深刻的印象。09年，我们终于走了川藏南线。跨过金沙江，真正来到了西藏。来古冰川、米堆冰川、嘎瓦龙雪山和天池。。。无不让我深深怀念！10年，21天，我们完成了阿里大环线的穿越。珠峰的夕照和普兰的宁静；玛旁雍措的深邃和拉昴措的诡异；古格的神秘和东嘎皮央遗址的凄凉；扎达的壮观和天堂般的文布；色林措的欢乐和仓姑寺的详和；以及一路相伴的藏野驴、藏羚羊、差点因高发下撤而割袍断义的兄弟和我的队友组成了我10年最美好的回忆。2011年，藏地五年计划的最后一年，我们走进了甘青川。。。 目录一、序二、出发前的纠结三、穿越夹金山四、西索民居和土司官寨五、关于马尔康的阿来和其它六、太阳河峡谷劳作的藏族小孩七、邂逅马尔康看花节八、色达：经幡扬起的是一颗宁静的心九、年龙寺：探访闭关修行的年龙上师仁波切十、班玛：天葬台、江日堂寺和非诚勿拢的刘婷婷十一、白玉寺：拜访著名的传奇人物----“年宝玉则的观鸟喇嘛”扎西桑俄十二、年宝玉则：僧人的笑容十三、放花无语对玛卿----穿越阿尼玛卿纪实十四、玛多：黄河之水天上来十五、走向共和十六、青海湖：不要问我从哪里来十七、大美祈连：卓尔山十八、阿柔大寺：最帅气喇嘛和可爱的藏民十九、门源：一片金色向着党 二十、西宁--合作：多民族聚集的和谐走廊二十一、扎尕那：遗世独立的非著名山峰 二十二、郎木寺：天葬台的诱惑二十三、红原：千回百转的黄河第一湾二十四、汶川：不能忘却的纪念二十五、结束语 二、出发前的纠结是甘川青还是川青甘？这是个问。时间进入到五月，10年同行阿里的队友开始活跃起来。西湖和本色不断邀约加入他们甘川青的队伍；我也开始谋划我的11年行程，但皆因种种不确定性没有允诺队友。首先是兄弟的不确定性，达华云里雾里，不置可否；另外一个刚加盟的小兄弟（耗子）想玩回大环线自驾；而我自己确定不了具体出发的时间。再者，今年，我必须得去色达。而西湖本色的队伍走的是甘-川-青，他们放弃了色达。而放弃色达是我不能容忍的。就这样，和原来阿里的队友失之交臂，以致于11年的行程只有风景，没有了风情；只有色彩，没有了精彩；只有英雄，没有了故事。五千公里的旷野，只有三个年近不惑的孤独的男人在自我装酷却无人欣赏。。。苏说，他就像旷野里的那只藏原羊一样孤独，只好不断地把白屁股炫耀以期待少许的目光。七月初，达华正式告知将携妻儿自驾；汶川突至暴雨和泥石流交通中断；而我家阁楼露台上的紫藤却突然枯萎。。。这无疑不是出发前的好兆头。耗子在暴雨、泥石流和枯萎的紫藤以及我们的七嘴八舌下终于决定放弃自驾。至此，我们终于决定七月初从成都出发。后来得知，本色当上了队长，拉起了原来阿里的队伍，过起了万花丛中一点绿的滋润日子；茗禅冒充强驴骗取信任穿越了贡嘎，留给我们的是嫉妒和羡慕；达华最终携妻带子自驾弃我们而去。。。七月，阿里英雄终于各自在路上。 三、穿越夹金山夹金山，并不是我们计划中的行程。汶川线的暴雨和泥石流让我们被迫放弃了原来的线路，我们只能绕道夹金山。夹金山，是一座英雄的山。夹金山位于四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州小金县南部，与著名的四姑娘山风景区毗邻，距成都250公里。夹金山也是当年中国工农红军一方面军万里长征与红四方面胜利会师的地方。夹金山从此载入中国革命历史的光荣史。2011年的7月，是红色的7月。我们的行程就从这红色的夹金山开始了。夹金山垭口 红军达维会师1935年6月，中国工农红军第一方面军翻越夹金山与红四方面军在四川省阿坝州小金县达维乡正式会师。如今，达维会师已成为一处重温红色记忆的旅游景点。70年后，这里也成了一个旅游胜地。这里，也是世界第一只大熊猫的科学发现地，尽管我们没有发现大熊猫。 傍晚的夹金山沐浴在夕阳中。夏日的夹金山却犹如沐浴在秋色之中，傍晚时分的一缕夕阳打在藏居上。当年的红军，也许无暇这样的风景。 四、西索民居和土司官寨傍晚，我们终于抵达马尔康郊外的西索民居和卓克基土司官寨。西索民居卓克基土司官寨西索民居独具嘉绒藏族特色，保持了嘉绒先民“垒石为室”的传统建筑风格，寨子鳞次栉比、错落有致，远目望去犹如一座壁垒森严的古堡。整个民居从远处鸟瞰，便会惊奇地发现西索藏寨酷似藏族八宝图案中的“花依”图案(状如“中华结”，代表释伽牟尼的心)，寨子中直来竖往、弯来拐去的青石板小道，把图案的线条展现的非常清晰。 藏寨全是三层石楼，底层饲养牲畜，第二层是厨房和住宿，三层是经堂和客房。民居建筑形如碉状，也称碉楼。房屋四周的墙体均用片石砌成,用黄泥粘合。墙体厚达1米,采用内直外收的砌法, 工匠们仅凭经验，砌出的石墙如刀切豆腐般整齐，棱角锐利，上窄下宽，整个墙体处于抗压状态,成为建筑的承重主体。加之内部木结构横梁的互相支撑拉合,整个建筑下大上小、重心向内、稳定性强。到最高处，碉楼四角顺势形成角锋，造成一种气势，最高处的石墙边缘加厚，避免墙表的平面化，增强立体感。房顶一分为二，前半部分为平顶，三面砌成矮墙；后半部分形成斜山式，覆盖石板或瓦。每层楼的窗户都外小内大，窗框很讲究，用上了雕刻、绘画、上彩等技巧，民族特色很浓。这种碉楼不仅冬暖夏凉，而且建筑艺术独特，审美价值高，就像一件件珍贵的艺术品。卓克基土司官寨位于距马尔康县城7公里的卓克基镇西索村。官寨依山而建，坐北朝南，被国际友人赞誉为“东方建筑史上的一颗明珠”。官寨始建于1918年清朝乾隆年间，为四层碉房，1936年毁于大火，1938年----1940年，土司索观赢组织人力进行重建。1935年7月，毛泽东同志及中央机关长征途中曾在官寨住宿一周。1988年，卓克基官寨被国务院列为第三批国家重点文物保护单位。卓克基土司官寨有着重要的历史文化以及丰富的旅游资源。 五、关于马尔康的阿来和其它值得说一句的是，马尔康是著名藏族作家阿来的家乡。阿来：1959年出生于马尔康，毕业于马尔康师范学校。2009年3月，阿来当选为四川省作协主席，现兼任中国作协副主席。从1994年《尘埃落定》写出至1998年出版其间，阿来由阿坝州一家杂志转辗到四川成都《科幻世界》由编辑到总编辑社长，《科幻世界》在阿来手里由一本杂志变为五六种，成为世界上发行量最大的科幻类杂志。数百万读者期待读到阿来新作。来之前，我不知道，马尔康就是阿来的家乡。在西索民居时，我的司机师傅轻轻说了一句：这就是阿来居住过的地方，小说《尘埃落定》的故事就发生在这里。轻描淡写的一句话，却触动了我的内心。阿来是我喜欢的一位作家。《尘埃落定》就是他的代表作，曾获得第五届茅盾文学奖。我喜欢的倒不是他的《尘埃落定》，而是他对西藏土地深沉的爱和对西藏发展自己独立的见解。虽然，我没看过他写的《格萨尔王》，但我欣赏他写《格萨尔王》的勇气和毅力。我有一本阿来的文集《看见》。在文中，阿来说：看哪，落定的尘埃又微微泛起，山间的大路上，细小的石英沙尘在阳光下闪烁出耀眼的光芒，在茫茫宇宙中漂浮不定。唉，一路都是落不定的尘埃！写完《格萨尔王》后，阿来说：王啊，今天我要把你的故事还给你，我要走出你的故事了。这是一个小说家的宿命，从一个故事向另一个故事漂泊。当一些所谓的有识之士忧虑于青藏铁路的建设时，阿来所说的话让我赞叹，他不同流和盲从于“有识之士”。阿来说：如果说，这条铁路的建成，对建设者是一个胜利，而对这条铁路经过的高原，对这条铁路所冲击的古老文化，对当地政府和老百姓，这到底是一个天降的福音，还是一个巨大的考验，全赖于面临这样一个新的机遇的人们有没有准备好去迎接挑战。我讨厌于一些看法。诸如，西藏的高原上架设高压线破坏景观；西藏的腹地通公路影响生态；西藏铁路和机场的建设是对环境和西藏文化的破坏。。。诸如此类，等等等等。当我们手拿IPAD，喝着咖啡，畅游在信息高速公路上时，我们有什么权力让西藏人民永远手持转筒匍匐着转经呢？五年了，当我周游在藏地时，更多看到的只是游客们猎奇的眼光和浅薄的认识，他们讨厌藏民用手机、讨厌藏民开着摩托车放牧；他们希望的西藏永远是原始、原始、再原始；他们希望把西藏割裂于现代文明之外。。。古老和现代的冲突是一个永恒的话。我崇拜甚至是膜拜西藏悠久的文化和宗教，但我也不排斥他们对现代文明和现代化的选择，我相信，这不是西藏人民的“被选择”。只是，在这种选择之前，正如阿来所说的，“全赖于面临这样一个新的机遇的人们有没有准备好去迎接挑战”。我想，在现代化、现代文明和西藏古老的历史、文化、宗教冲突中，我们不要做非此即彼的选择，我们所要关注的是，如何去寻找冲突间的结合点，以期待让西藏古老文化和宗教在现代文明前更加熠熠生辉，以期待西藏的环境在现代化面前妥善地予以保护。这才是真正考验政府和百姓的智慧。感谢阿来，祝福西藏。 六、太阳河峡谷劳作的藏族小孩这一天，除了色达五明佛学院让我震撼之外，就是这在田间劳作的藏族小孩的眼睛和笑容。 从清晨的马尔康醒来，昨晚的灯火辉煌已遗留在睡梦中。马尔康县城位于山谷之间，海拔并不高，只有2700米。县城规划整齐，湍急的索磨河穿城而过。清晨的马尔康夜幕下的马尔康霓虹闪烁，光影迷离。 在藏语里，马尔康的意思就是灯火旺盛的地方，据说此命名来至一位得道高僧。在藏地，这样的高僧往往又是伟大的预言家。今天，预言再次成真。我们沿着大渡河的上游---太阳河峡谷前行。山涧，雾气升腾。大渡河咆哮东去，雨后的太阳河峡谷清新诡异。晨雾中的藏居很是抢眼，早起的藏民已走向田间地头。 藏居、碉楼、高压塔。虽然，高压电线塔很不应景，但我希望大家更多的是看到它给西藏人民带来的光明而给以包容。有一种风景，她遗世独立。有一种力量，她坚如磐石。 有一种行走，叫做虔诚。也有一种行走，叫做造作。中午，我们来到了壤塘县大伊里村。这一路，最吸引我们的就是藏式民居。 这一带的藏式民居三楼均以柳条编制而成，上宽下窄，俨然穿上铠甲的将士。 就在这样的环境里日出而作，繁衍生息。大伊里乡其实是个重点扶持的富裕乡。对口帮扶让他们过上了现代生活。在这红色的七月，需常怀感恩之心。大伊里乡瓜果青翠，花香四溢。([]
秋葵小蝌蚪榴莲幸福宝
蔡茜贵我的新浪微薄：不死渔夫也有开了的可以互粉 哈哈不好意思让兄弟们久等了，3号我已经回到了国内今天来深圳看我妹妹 没有想到刚一见面她就告诉我要结婚了！这个让我今天很闷。我妹妹比我小2岁 今年才22 她念的大专所以工作比较早 小学老师妹妹结婚我应该感到高兴，但是从小到大我们也没有怎么在一起过，她跟着我父母生活 我在亲戚家一年也就能见一两次面 有怎么关心照顾过她 也没有给过她什么 总之想起来心里特别难受！现在还只能无力的希望她幸福扯远了先别急着骂我矫情啊改了这么个,但是真的如果没有你们一路上的关心我不会有这么一次旅行。开始的时候我没有想过要在国外也搭车，这是我第一次出国，在出去之前我没有看过任何一本关于这几个国家的书籍，对这几个国家是一无所知，心里很没底。本来想的是搭车到了河内进越南后就坐汽车或者火车什么的，但是没想到会有这么多人关注，然后自己开始为了装逼把写成（从北京搭车去巴厘岛）搭了一半不搭了 以后还怎么在户外圈混啊，所以是骑虎难下！硬着头皮就干了。你们要知道我现在说普通话还湘音十足！我出身在湘西的大山里 高中的课堂上还说的是湘西话，上了大学才开始讲普通话 刚开始去学校的时候很害怕和寝室同学说话！还念到大二就退学了，关于英语 开始在国外的时候常常是自以为很流利的用英语和别人说了一大堆 然后对方总是很无辜的看着我说：Can you speak English? ！！！！！！崩溃！一边走一边学用完了两个笔记本 哈哈哈 现在基本交流OK啦！真的一个在国外挺苦逼 然后每次一上网 我K 就看到这么多兄弟的留言真的是让我感觉不在寂寞！所以就这么坚持走下来了！先总的汇报下这次行程。然后各位高抬贵手再容我慢慢把日记补齐！从北京出发 在云南河口过境进越南、柬埔寨、泰国、马来西亚最后到印度尼亚的巴厘岛，14000多公里 83天时间 花了3700元（3700元不包括最后飞香港的机票和在香港之后的花费）83天是从北京开始到离开巴厘岛那天国内外共搭乘便车53辆 哈哈再给你们1个惊爆的数字：巴厘岛5天6夜花费320元！（当然是人民币啦，其实我也很希望它是英镑或者美金！）国内：41天 花费：1100元 北京出发 经山西太原 平遥 到河南三门峡 洛阳 进湖北武汉 到宜昌后去神农架无人区徒步了4天 出来后坐船过三峡到重庆，重庆火车过贵州到昆明（当时贵州下冻雨 境内的高速全封了所以做了火车） 昆明继续搭车到西双版纳 到景洪后折回国防38线，走 江城 绿春 蒙自到河口 从河口过境进越南 越南：12天 680元+38美金坐船去金边的船费 从古街开始搭车 河内 顺化 会安 芽庄 胡志明市 从胡志明市坐船过境进柬埔寨 柬埔寨：7天270元 坐船到金边后继续搭车 到吴哥窟 吴哥窟到波贝 从波贝过境进泰国 泰国3天 340元 从波贝搭车到曼谷 曼谷后一路南下在 过过境进马来西亚 马来西亚：8天 220元+100元船费到苏门答腊到 搭车到吉隆坡 吉隆坡朋友开车送到马六甲 之后坐船穿过马六甲海峡到印尼苏门答腊岛的杜迈 印度尼西亚：12天 680元+310元雅加达飞巴厘岛机票 从北到南穿过苏门答蜡岛到雅加达 雅加达是这次搭车的终点站 到雅加达之后飞机到巴厘岛 在巴厘岛呆了5天6晚了花了320元 第83天从巴厘岛飞回香港（3700元不包括飞香港的机票） 关于吃住： 睡觉对于我 有一张床就够了，饿了有东西能填饱肚子就行了 国外除了睡大街 住当地人家里 很多时间还是住的青旅 基本上都是20-50元 最贵的是在泰国 400珠一个晚上（经常看到有人说在泰国住的1000一个晚上，觉得很便宜，我不是知道是没把泰铢放在眼里还是没搞清楚人民币和泰铢的汇率 1000珠还便宜！） 最便宜的是在吴哥窟 1美金一个晚上 国内自己做饭的时间比较多，但是经常我每到一个地方总很以最短的时间和当地人混熟 然后理所当然的蹭吃蹭喝，不知道是我的脸皮厚到一定境界了 还是我这一身的土气深深的吸引住了他们。 搭车时也会碰到死机请客吃饭，尤其是在国外，经常被司机请吃大餐！正宗的当地菜，而我每次我也都没有客气，甩开了膀子吃！ 自己一个人时没有去过一次餐厅 在国内外都是吃的几块钱的路边摊，我很喜欢吃路边摊 总觉得那才是当地的最有味道 最好吃的（好吧 我承认 主要是便宜啦） 比如在越南大街上随处都能看到挑着扁担卖小吃的，随叫随停 经常我就蹲在大街上一边吃一边和那些大妈们眉来眼去的瞎比划（说话都听不懂彼此的） 他们看我是老外经常会给我很足的分量 吃的那叫一个爽！很多人觉得路边摊不干净 但是要知道这比在国内去高级餐厅吃地沟油不知道要干净多少陪！ 别人能吃的我们吃是不会死的 一路上都得到很多好心的帮助，在泰国甚至有人送过钱 送过饭 在苏门答腊岛和生活在丛林里的巴达克人一起捕鱼 打猎 磨咖啡 夜晚骑着车去树林看星星 参加独特的森林婚姻PARTY ！！！总之很难忘！！现在有的是时间开聊了我的QQ：2424333142写在出发之前：原本计划4号出发，可我这人实在太懒，被一些很琐碎的事情拖到现在，今天算是勉强凑足了东西也还没来得及和朋友们道别。关于这次行程，全程搭车为主，不会赶时间，随意走，喜欢了会停下来多呆几天，或者做几天义工，基本上是住帐篷，没有特色小吃的地方自己做饭（每个地方似乎都有自己独特的小吃），独自一人。关于我，看书少、见识短的一2B青年，雅号：渔夫 没什么生存技能，所以做了很多志愿者，比如汶川地震、北京奥运会、玉树地震还有些大大小小乱七八糟的等等，至今还挂着北京蓝天求救队青海分队的名分，大二退学，之后跟了一位师傅念了几天经，而后骑车在祖国的大西北漂了一年多了。追逐自由。今年5月份在青海湖边和朋友开了个青年旅舍（天路）和151自行车俱乐部，回顾这**几年，没有什么值得一提的地方，平平碌碌。总之，天亮出发！（还得收拾东西）剩下一段印度、巴基斯坦和新疆得到时看情况了（因为我4月底我要回旅舍），若果这次只到了巴厘岛，明年9月份接着走完。巴厘岛https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12472326-fromuid-33689691.html印度尼西亚雅加达—巴厘岛https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12472290-fromuid-33689691.html印度尼西亚巨港—雅加达https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12472153-fromuid-33689691.html印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛某村子—巨港https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12472078-fromuid-33689691.html苏门答腊岛生活的日子（四）https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12435855-fromuid-33689691.html苏门答腊岛生活的日子（三）https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12435832-fromuid-33689691.html苏门答腊岛生活的日子（二）https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12435822-fromuid-33689691.html苏门答腊岛生活的日子(一）https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12435799-fromuid-33689691.html马来西亚—印度尼西亚马六甲—杜迈—苏门答腊岛某个村子https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12435775-fromuid-33689691.html马来西亚吉隆坡—马六甲https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12373524-fromuid-33689691.html马来西亚北海—吉隆坡https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12373500-fromuid-33689691.html泰国—马来西亚某地—北海https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12333635-fromuid-33689691.html泰国曼谷—某地https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12315272-fromuid-33689691.html柬埔寨—泰国暹粒—波贝—曼谷https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12254246-fromuid-33689691.html柬埔寨马德旺—暹粒https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12092382-fromuid-33689691.html柬埔寨金边—马德旺https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12091984-fromuid-33689691.html越南—柬埔寨芽庄—胡志明市—金边https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-12043532-fromuid-33689691.html越南会安--芽庄https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11641567-fromuid-33689691.html越南顺化_会安https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11636342.html越南河内—顺化https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11620935-fromuid-33689691.html越南老街—河内https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11597525-fromuid-33689691.html蒙自—河口https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11566802-fromuid-33689691.html绿春—元阳—蒙自https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11566245-fromuid-33689691.html曼中田—江城—绿春https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11565620-fromuid-33689691.html景洪—普洱—曼中田https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11556467-fromuid-33689691.html被困西双版纳https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11444664-fromuid-33689691.html元江—西双版纳（景洪）https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11410528-fromuid-33689691.html昆明—元江https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11410528-fromuid-33689691.html重庆--昆明https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11374955-fromuid-33689691.html宜昌--重庆（水路）https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11358900-fromuid-33689691.html神农架无人区穿越第四天https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11356567-fromuid-33689691.html神农架无人区穿越第三天https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11117286-fromuid-33689691.html神农架无人区穿越第二天https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11093350-fromuid-33689691.html神农架无人区穿越第一天（21楼后还有插图）https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11092223-fromuid-33689691.html宜昌--神农架木鱼https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11032604-fromuid-33689691.html武汉--宜昌https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11032358-fromuid-33689691.html信阳--武汉https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11031894-fromuid-33689691.html漯河--信阳https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11029397-fromuid-33689691.html洛阳--平顶山--漯河https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-10944764-fromuid-33689691.html三门峡--洛阳https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-10943917-fromuid-33689691.html平遥--运城--三门峡https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-10915307-fromuid-33689691.html太原--平遥https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-10873306-fromuid-33689691.html涿州--太原https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-10873301-fromuid-33689691.html卢沟桥--涿州https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-10873295-fromuid-33689691.html拜托大家帮帮越南华侨赵和三找找亲人!!!https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-605814-pid-11663703-fromuid-33689691.html我的新浪微薄：不死渔夫也有开了的可以互粉 哈哈我的客栈豆瓣小组：https//www.douban.com/group/304207/搭车旅行豆瓣小组：https//www.douban.com/group/308771/ 卢沟桥--涿州选择从卢沟桥走，不是想恶心你们，我的开始要带着多么悲壮的色彩，因为在北京混了这么几年，没有来过，刚好也可以从这里上京石高速。早上12点出发，公交，地铁，公交再公交，到卢沟桥护已经下午3点多逛了逛古城，今天天气很好，决定在桥上看完日落再出发。城外整齐的放满了两排长长的圆石，每一个上面了都是一段历史的罪证，杜家口高速路收费站，是个较小的入口，进的车不是很多，走过收费站，本想去主路上搭，来来往往的车流吓了我一大跳，还是退回来，在这小岔口等着，刚开始很害怕，很紧张，怎么也没有勇气伸出手，傻站在路边足足有半个小时，一直不断的在心理说服自己华灯初上我的旅程刚刚开始。半个小时过去了，终于还是厚着脸皮伸出了手，过去不到10辆车就有一辆停了下来，兴奋的跑上去，语无伦次的告诉司机大哥我要去的地方。第一次成功搭车，这时天已经全黑下来了，坐在车上眼前全是奔流的车灯，和身后渐渐远去的北京城的灯火，激动又兴奋，也没管张机师傅是否有兴趣听一股脑的将我的行程全说了出来，张师傅倒听的很认真也很用心，期间还表示性的问了几个问，在我的滔滔不绝之后他说你的行程很有意思，很远，很美，可是我只到良乡，只能带走你20几公里。虽然只搭20几公里，但我无比的兴奋，仿佛已经看到了成功，甚至开始幻想着在巴厘岛的沙滩上裸奔！感谢张大哥，第一个搭我车的人！在高速上继续背着包走，一边走一边伸着手，结果肯定是没有一辆车会停下来，走了快一个小时后刚刚的激情不知那去了，有些失落，有些担忧很久没有负重，也没有怎么锻炼，疲惫，疼痛开始席卷开来，撑着身子继续往前走良乡高速入口，晚上9点多钟，走了3公里之后本想从这里下去找个地方扎帐篷，但是还是想试试，原计划今天赶到保定的，和收费员兄弟聊了下，他同意我在这等车没过几辆就有一个去涿州的大哥愿意带我一程。到涿州下上下高速的地方又继续等了一会，收费员妹妹建议我去2公里以外的服务区搭，那里的车比较些，于是又走了两公里到涿州服务区，本想去餐厅问问有没有愿意搭我的司机，可是一时没忍住，大吃了一顿吃完饭后，问了几个司机，似乎晚上都不怎么愿意搭人，愿意搭我的要不就是坐不下了，或者就在下一出口出，听的我很感动！最后还是决定就在这睡一觉，明天再走。涿州服务区，第一天就到这儿。 涿州--太原昨晚一夜机车的轰鸣声，只到天快亮时睡着了会，赖到9点爬起来，全身酸痛无比，洗漱完，准备去加油站搭车，开始新的一天问了很久，车没搭上倒和加油站的这几个哥们扯上了，这样的结果是他们请了我吃了顿很丰盛的午餐，让我不要着急慢慢吃，吃完了他们给我找车这是加油站的工作室里，不让外人进，我就在这里吃完饭，然后烤着火炉等这胖点的哥们给我找车，有点无耻了。让他们给我搭车效果肯定是不用想的，但心里总觉得自己没用，还是想自己试试，结果还是加柴油的那哥们(上图）给我找了辆去太原的货车告别他们，留了电话，说好了回来后去看他们，上车，直奔太原！开车的应该是对父子，刚从北京拉了一车货，我坐在中间，他们对我很客气，一路上没有说上十句，老伯专心的听着他的收音机，大哥开车很专注，很守规则，山西的人是不是都这么实在老实啊？中途在几个服务区休息过几次，到太原已经晚上十一点了，告别父子俩以前无数次路过太原，这次走了进来，不知名的街，不知名的路，背起包，不知道该往那走，这样迷茫的感觉却使我有些小小的兴奋太原也是如此冷，刮着寒风，和北京没有什么区别 走了几个红绿灯，看到一个应急避难场所，过去一看是公园，湖面结了厚厚的一层冰，在周围转了转，找个合适的位置扎帐篷，中午吃了那一顿饭就没有再吃过东西，现在饿的不行了，赶紧搭完帐篷做饭。别人一沙一世界，我这一帐篷一世界倒是真的今天实现了0消费，走了500多公里，是个不错的开始，希望下次还能再实现个倒增长 太原--平遥昨夜5 6级的寒风刮到凌晨4 5点的时候停了，本以为可以安心的睡一会，刚要深入一点，被一声呐喊给震了出来，这晨练的老头老太太们开始了！收拾完东西，问了几个匆匆赶路的上班族平遥怎么走，给我答案都是很统一的，朝着南方走！混在这匆匆的人群里 ，他们忙着生活，我忙着远走，都一样本想坐公交去城外的高速入口，可是看着每一辆车都挤的满满的，还是自己走吧。往南走了好几个红绿灯，大街上赶着上班的人少了很多，突然发现太原的公交很有意思，站台在反方向的右侧，要坐公交必须得过马路到中间位置，这好像告诉你公交也不是随便想坐就坐的，于是我决定很严肃的去坐回公交在高速入口问了几个师傅都很热情的建议我走国道，因为国道去平遥的车较多顺着国道往前走了2 ，3公里，刚好看到路边停着一辆车，司机在车里，上去一问，师傅很爽快的答应带我到祁县，祁县到平遥也就20几公里了。张师傅是部队里的军官，太原人，在祁县上班，一路上给他介绍了下我的行程，他给我说了山西的很多景点，有一句没一句的扯了会，快到乔家大院时，张师傅建议我去看看，本来对这些花钱的景点没有什么兴趣，不过张师傅热情的推荐，再加上“乔家归来不看院”这一句话的怂恿，决定去看看。每次和司机师傅告别的时候总觉得他们的微笑很真，而我也不是敷衍的说句感谢或者再见，这样的感觉很好，像挚友，或者亲人参观完之后我非常肯定乔家归来不看院这句话的真实性，因为这些院什么的实在没什么好看的，看了一个乔家当然不会再想去看第二个了。 但乔家是很牛B的。回国道上搭了不到半个小时，就有一俩QQ停了下来，跑上去准备很激动告诉他我要去的地方，还没有等我开口，司机司机师傅就打开了车门，这师傅也太了解我了吧，这样的情况我还未见过，一般是我打开别人的车门，然后在师傅还由于未决的时候先一屁股坐上去。我还是给他重复了一篇我的话术，师傅您去哪儿，我往平遥方向走，能带我段么？也不知道师傅听没听明白，但我很肯定他的意思是我可以上车刚上车还没等我歇下气来，这师傅又给我来个惊喜，他说，我送你去平遥吧，我一看这大叔不像是能干出这样事儿来的人，于是我心里嘀咕的说了句，我没有没钱， 这句话大叔听的很明白，接下来他说的我也听的很清楚，没钱你坐什么车啊， 一脚猛刹车给我扔在了路边，扬尘而去我们大概走了300米不到，整个过程只是他从提速到刹车，后头看看，离平遥又近了那么几百米，很欣慰这应该会是我搭过最短距离的车最后搭上一辆包工头大哥的车到平遥平遥是如此美丽的古城，安静，敦厚，同样是世界文化遗产，他从容的承载者世界各地的游客，生活一如既往的在每个交错的小巷子里，老城墙下推车卖小吃的大叔从不分是游客还是当地人，这里是几十代人真真实实的生活，如今也依然实实在在的在生活的古城。 西宁有6家青旅，我们是在青海湖边，151景区，有自行车出租的url=https//bbs.8264.com/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=10873022&ptid=605814]2#[/url] 孙大侠 你的头像是凤凰啊，哈哈，我就是那里的人啊 7# raul0756 谢谢关心啊，我退学有各种的原因，呵呵，没有什么好遗憾的，可以叫我渔夫，驴友都这么叫我，，哈哈 11# 祁心 压力好大啊，呵呵，不用心更新就对不起你们了 23# 野山闲妇 谢谢大家关心，刚到洛阳，准备在这里泡两天，随后马上更新，谢谢! 平遥--运城--三门峡在平遥泡了一天，很舍不得走，可是天气越来越冷了，我的衣服和帐篷防寒还不够，越快往南越好起床收拾东西，查好高速入口，把用不上的东西寄掉，虽然是搭车走但每天也必须得走一定的路程，所以多一公斤少一公斤也显的很重要，弄完以后已经到中午1点了，没有公交到高速路附近，我从古城走到了高速入口，本来想在收费站一个个问有没有愿意搭我的司机，可是过了这个收费站有往两个不同方向走的车，这样问起来很麻烦，直接走到走到分岔口搭，基本只要有车愿意停下来的话一定能顺上一段路。这俩兄弟是太原人，在工地上工作，弟弟比我还小一岁，上车后只顾着和我聊天竟然开过了站，又不能倒回去，多走了20几公里，到下一个出口才掉头，搞的我很不好意思。一个县城上高速的车不会很多，很多时候整个入口前后都看不到一辆车，在这样较荒凉的地方，我自然也就成了每辆来往车辆窗外的风景，很多司机是很有好的，比如看到有辆车朝着我要去的方向开过来了，我伸出大拇指，车快到我的跟前的时候放慢了速度，司机放下玻璃，给了我无限的希望，正当我兴奋的准备走过去时，司机这时同样也向我竖起大拇指，然后微笑着从我身边飘然而过，搞的我哭笑不得。等了2个多小时以后，终于有一辆停了下来，还没有等我开口司机先问我要去那里，我说去临汾或者运城，司机一听，说不到，我也没有弄清楚他要去那里，就说了句谢谢。实际上都是同一个方向，而且只有一条道，肯定能同一段路，等司机开走后我就后悔了，不管多远能搭一段是一段，下一段可能去运城的车更多也说不定，当然这是我没有什么搭车经验的原因。错过了这一辆不知道什么时候才会有车再停下来。看看太阳离地平线越来越近，开始有些担心今天会不会搭不上车运气还好过了不一会第二辆车停了下来，这时我已经决定即使只同路一公里我也会搭（到下个高速出口至少也有十几二十多公里），车上两个就是上图这两兄弟，给我带了介休。在介休高速入口等了不到半个小时，带着老婆和女儿回家的张大哥主动停在我面前问我去那里，当时我正在玩相机，没有注意到有车过来，我以为他们也只是到前面不远的地方，没想到可以带我到侯马，离运城只有70几公里了。上车后象征性的问了几句，我可能激动的不知道该说什么好，只能一再表示很感谢，这是我很不好的一点，话很少，不会扯谈。萧瑟的黄土地在西去的落日映射下从窗外飞驰而过，一下子让我觉得搭车是件这么美好的事情！侯马高速入口，晚上7点多钟，收费站只有一个口开着，过去准备问下收费员能不能再这里等车（这必须问，因为有的是不让在这里等车的，车太多会有危险），发现收费员是个女同志，而且很漂亮，本想给她拍张照片，她很害羞的告诉我上班时不能照，于是我就多看了几眼然后收起相机，这几眼看的非常效果，她也没有过问我的意愿就让我站在一边等着，她给我问！（当然我非常情愿的）来车停下来的时候她就带着特别甜蜜的微笑问师傅去那儿，要我是司机看到这么美的收费员，别说让带个人了，就是拉个头猪或者牛什么的都可以，但是可能都没有去运城方向的，过去了好几辆车都没有搭上，我倒不着急。不一会有辆大车开了过来，司机正在打电话，她笑着问了司机好几篇去那，司机没有搭理她，也没有看她一眼，伸着手只管要卡，她的脸刷的一下子就红，把卡扔给司机，狠狠的关上窗户，这小姑娘那受过这委屈啊，我一时愣住了，不知道该上去跟她说还是我自己问，还是去安慰一下，不知道该怎么做，只能傻站在那儿，后面来了好几辆车我也没有心思去注意，就想着怎么走出这个尴尬的场面。当我还在想怎么做的时候她突然非常开心的笑着叫我上车，刚才的委屈和尴尬气氛一下子就没了，当时真不知道对她说什么好！差点就想着不走了。这就是那美女给我拦的王大哥的车，85年在北京当的兵，一听说我也在北京混过，他觉的很亲切，一直就把他从当兵到退伍给我说了个篇，尤其给讲了我很多户外生存的技能，比如扎帐，怎么找吃的之类的，这让我很受教育。一个小时后到了运城高速出入口，本想进去拜拜关二哥，可是时间还早，离三门峡又只有50几公里，要是先去试试，搭不上车就在这里让我意外的是这收费员又是一美女，这下我不好意思了，我就站在那里，什么也没有说，可是她把我叫了过去，问我要去那，我说三门峡，说完我就准备先去上个厕所，这时刚好也来了俩车，我没有问，刚走了两步就听见有人在叫，后头一看是这车副坐上的一位阿姨，小伙子上车吧！想都不用想，是这美女收费员给拦的车，眼里饱满激情的说了好几句谢谢！到黄河的时候大哥停车问我要不要拍张片，就拍了黄河上的栏杆，不知不觉已经过了黄河这是在三门峡高客南站，大哥他们是去接人，还要回去运城，我就跟着他们来到这里，在附近找了个地方扎帐篷这位大哥特别的照顾我，给了我很多人生的建议。三门峡—洛阳天鹅湖，远处的几只天鹅早上9点多起床，在小饭馆里吃了碗面借点热水洗了把脸，老板是个四多岁的大娘，人特别好问寒问暖的，一口准的河南话听着特别温暖。很想学几句。高速入口旁边有个天鹅湖，三门峡南站坐公交到这里很近，下公交后才发现的，看到有几个老太太在路边围观，走过去一看湖里的天鹅还真不少，隐隐的能看见还有很多别的鸟今天只赶到洛阳，1百40多公里，不着急赶路，准备走近点好好看看。翻过高速围栏，有条小路，估计也是经常有人走去过看天鹅的。很靠近天鹅的位置，这个树上经常有鸟停留，树根上全是白色的鸟粪。在这坐了3个多小时，看着它们在我们面前自由的飞来飞去，那一刻我突然才觉得我也自由的，这是旅行开始以来感觉最舒服的时刻。到高速入口等了不到1个小时，就搭上了拉煤回洛阳的这俩位师傅。他这个车有两个床，座位后面有一个，头顶上还有一个。和它们扯累了我还爬上去睡了会。重车开的慢，到洛阳花了4个多小时。这些大车司机走南闯北，见识特别广，各人都和有很多有意思的故事，听他们的故事也成了旅途上最棒的一件事。快过年了，交警们也开始忙活起来了。洛阳的小吃街。在青年宫对面，很好吃，也很便宜。洛阳给我印象是特别的冷！寒风瑟瑟，一片阴暗。从北京出发以后我就没怎么见过太阳，走到哪儿都是阴暗阴暗的，这让我无比怀念大西北的蓝天白云。洛阳停留一天，住的易家青旅。这个古都应该好好看看。洛阳--平顶山--漯河今天是经历过最痛苦、艰难的一天！原本计划还在洛阳呆一天，看看朋友，长风大侠（不好意思，这次没来得及来看你），可是看到南方下雪，所以想赶着去看看，在西北经常能看到下雪，但和南方的雪比起来味道不一样，南方的雪细腻，喜庆隆重，气氛好些。另外也想照片里有点不一样的景色，这一路上要么就是人，要么就是灰蒙蒙的天。1点钟从青旅出来外面刮着大风，开始感觉还很兴奋，又上路了，说不定还能看上雪景。坐公交到离高速最近的地方，然后走了不到2公里，过了收费站，在岔口上等了一会儿就有一辆微型车能把我带到下个服务区。司机大哥50多岁，上车后没有问我什么，也对我不怎么好奇，我也就象征性的问了几句，然后准备给他拍张照片，大哥说不用拍，下次又见不着面了。这是我见过最有个性的师傅。到了服务区帮大哥卸了几箱货，然后他问我要不要带到下个高速入口去等车，我说就在这里等，不用了。这时我才突然发现这个服务区就停了2辆车，很少有进来，风还特别的大在加油站等了快1个小时了，过了几辆车，都没有搭上，决定走到下个高速入口去等。上一高速风更大，估计有6 7级，吹在脸上像刀挂一样，偶尔还能把我吹的稳不住脚，风从衣领一直灌到脚底，衣服里的那点体温很快就没了，冷的我想找个洞钻进去。走了有5公里，到下个高速入口时情况更糟糕，半天不会进来一辆车，进来的也有一半是去反方向的。又等了1个小时，还是没有搭上车，傻站在那里让风吹实在是受不了，手脚全是冰的，脚底已经麻木的没什么感觉了，我忍不住狂吼了好几声。在这个入口机会太少，我又走到高速路上，等了1个多小时，还是没有一辆车停下来，我已经开始有点绝望了，每次看着过往的车辆几乎已经是哀求的眼神了。站着实在太冷，我就在高速路和收费站来回走。走到第4个来回后终于有一辆车停了下来，二话没说我先把包仍了上去，钻进车里。可以给我带到下个服务区汝阳，临走的时候司机大哥给我送了瓶白酒，说能暖和暖和，我也没跟他客气，拿过来先喝了两大口。到汝阳服务区后不一会天就黑了，离洛阳还不到60公里，风还更大了，服务区外面没有一个人，都躲在屋子里，跑到加油站也没管能不能进去，推了门就往里奔。这几个工作人员都挺好，和我一下子聊开了，有车过来加油他们会帮我拦。不巧的是过了很久也没有车来加油，外面到时停的有几辆，我决定过去问问司机，因为车不一定会来加油，直接走的也很多。背起包，顶着风准备一辆辆的去问，就在这里个院子里来回的转，因为每一辆车停下来后，司机一下车就开始跑，很冷风很大，没有人会走的。我也就跟着司机跑，一边跑一边问，他们的回答是一致的迅速，有的甚至还没有听见我说什么，就直接挥手示意拒绝。这到也痛快，我赶下一个问。司机们都很客气的找了各种理由拒绝了我。有几个司机问我去那，可惜都不同方向，爱莫能助。问了1个多小时，我真绝望了。也没有心情再想别的，不问了，就想马上找个暖和的地方躲起来。跑进商店，找了个地方准备放下包休息下，这时走进来了个人，什么也没有说就直接问我吃饭了吗? 我说早上吃了点，然后他就让我把包放在商店，跟他去吃饭，我也没管他是谁，放了包就跟他去了餐厅他们的员工餐，热粥，热豆腐，热馒头。这顿吃的我太温暖了，一下子又看到了希望。吃完饭后坐了会，暖和了很多，说话也清楚，又去外面问了半个多小时，结果还是一样。这是商店的大姐，一直劝我不要走了，就再这里他们给安排地方睡，明天再走。当时感动的一塌糊涂。后面也没有出去问了，就在站门口看看有没有感觉能让我搭的车来。就是带眼睛的这大哥请我吃的饭，他是服务区的经理，对我说的最多的一句话就是：有困难找我。最后有一辆长途大巴经常在他们这吃饭，他们给我拦了那辆车到漯河。大家以后有经过汝阳服务区的替我问候一下他们啊。晚上10点半到漯河高速出口下了车，周围黑漆漆的只有风声，我继续沿着出口，往国道走，国道上到驻马店的车要多很多，不想停下来，没有任何心情去想任何事，就想着一直往前走，不知道前方会有什么，我能看到的是比漆黑更黑的夜。快点12点的时候终于走累了，前面有个公园，准备去那里扎帐篷路过一家小招待所的门口，看见地上扔的有床被子，我检起把被套扔掉，拿了棉被。做完饭又喝几口酒，躺下睡觉。知道情况的肯定不会拒绝，但沟通的机会很少 60# 新华词典 证还没有柬埔寨没有，准备裹过境，你办旅行社的吗? 79# 热带雨雨 哈哈确实蛮巧的，嗯，我们可以做朋友没有想别的啊，明年说不定还能来喝你的喜酒呢b] 75# 想嫁渔夫的MM 对,让搭车旅行也能在我们国家形成风气，大家一起努力！ 78# 两碗豆浆 刚到宜昌在河南多停留了几天随后补上图，正想着穿神农架，有穿过的前辈给点经验啊？是啊，现在下大雪，听说还封山了，穿起来很困难，准备先去了再看情况，谢谢老哥！ 113# 湘西土人 漯河--信阳第一次搭的公交车昨天晚上捡来的小棉被很管用，是我睡的最暖和的一个夜晚，早上起来太阳很好，风不大，经过昨天那一役，今天完全没有了平时的激情，机械式的收拾完东西，对搭车失去了大半的信心，这算是开始后第一个小低潮吧。一直没有吃早餐的习惯，收拾完东西后就直接坐公交去高速入口，已经快十点钟了坐公交的人很少，等了一会我要坐的车来了，车上没几个人，司机师傅看我大包小包的很好奇，让我就坐在他旁边点，问我干嘛的，我一五一十的告诉了他，结果他不要我的钱，说他们多拉一个少拉一个都一样，我也就不再推辞，要司机们都这么想，那得多好！下车时问我要电话，说没事的时候发个短信问我到哪儿了，可惜我现在一直没有用电话。漯河收费站，希望能重拾信心！救护车，以前没有坐过，上车后我还很二的问了司机这是不是房车？ 刚一问完就突然想起看外面明明写着120过了收费站在去往武汉的分叉口找了个合适的位置等车，不太远，太远车子过了收费站后车速快，很多司机本想搭你，可是懒得刹车，太近的话就分不清是要去哪的车，一辆辆问很麻烦。今天的情况像天气一样，一片晴朗，刚没等多久就有好几辆车停下来，可惜都没有去多远，这让我一下又嗨了起来。不到半小时后就搭了这辆救护车，到驻马店。驻马店有南北两个高速入口，我在北入口下的车，当时不知道，等了很久了发现进高速的车很少，而且几乎都是北上郑州方向的，南下的车没几辆，后来一问才只知道南下的车都从南入口进，南入口离这里还有13公里本想找辆车到南入口等，找了很久没有找到，最后我竟然傻B的决定走过去。顺着高速走了13公里。走到南入口的时候太阳已经西下了，刚走的时候还挺高，不知道走了多久，没有手表当时我觉得这么做挺傻的，后来好好一想，也不能老是搭车，累才更能有感觉。驻马店太让我受宠若惊了！南入口的车确实非常多，这让感觉找到组织似的。可是我等了2个小时过去得有一百辆竟然没有一辆停下来过！这个位置这个时候按照常规来说太离谱了，我留意了一下，进的车多，但几乎全都是豫D的牌子（驻马店），后面我看到是豫D的车过来就绝望了，不管什么车。后来一辆高速路养护工人的车给我送到了确山服务区。到确山服务区已经天黑了，这个服务区停的车不多，冷冷清清的，有几辆在加油站，过去问了下都不愿意搭。加油的是两个小姑娘，比我还小1岁，挺可爱的，和我聊了一会，然后她们说给我拦货车，当时这个服务区里的柴油不多了，每辆车加油都是有限制的，开始小姑娘问司机，能不能带个人，司机的意思是如果能多给他们加点儿油就能带我，不多加就不带，最初小姑娘不同意，但问了几辆后都这样，小姑娘没办法就同意司机，多给他们加点油然后带我走知道后我拒绝了她们，我说还是我自己来搭车，谢谢你们。仍很感谢这两个小姑娘素不相识，能如此帮我。最后这位回广西的胡大哥愿意带我一段。信阳--武汉信阳到武汉两百公里，到了武汉以后想搭船到重庆中午12点坐公交到高速入口，就在这个位置等了不到半个小时就搭上了车直接到武汉刚开始司机大哥停在我面前问我去那？我说到武汉，问我能给多少钱，我说我一路是搭便车，对不起没有钱可以给你，司机大哥想了想说那你坐大巴吧，便开走，我正准备拦下一辆的时候，司机大哥又倒了回来叫我上车，带我到武汉。雷大哥去武汉协和医院接个朋友，一路上不停的在打电话，业务真的繁忙，雾很大，车开的也很快，我捏了把汗到武汉一问才知道已经没有直达重庆的船了，都是坐车到宜昌，然后才坐船到重庆。坐公交到黄鹤，门票要80！这对我来说太贵了，没进去在门口看了看，越看我就越来气，干嘛收这么贵的门票，当时我就想下次大家来青海湖，不管有没有住我的店，来找我，我带你们进去，不花钱。户部巷小吃街，挺好吃的，也不贵。说到吃的我特爱吃路边摊，要吃一个地方的特色小吃，够味道的还是当地的那路边摊好，饭店我觉得全国都是一个味道。(大家能我介绍下你们那儿的小吃街或者路边摊吗？这次没有经过的，下次也一定来吃）吃完东西后走了下长江大桥，上面风特别大，下班时间，桥上来往车辆特多，行人匆匆，真有点儿流浪的味道了。借住的朋友家里。武汉--宜昌早上7点钟就起床了，朋友要上班，很久没有起这么早，头昏脑胀的，街上刮着大风，飘着点儿小雪花。高速入口离市区很远，必须坐公交，早上人太多，想等人少了再走，就在大街上漫无目的转着，在一个小区街道里发现这个卖热干面的小店，跟着排队买了3份，特别好吃！2块5一份。汉宜高速入口 到这里的时候快10点钟了。今天运气不错，过了收费站等了十几分钟，这辆大车停了下来，离我还有10几米远，我一看肯定不是因为我停下来的，有之前的经验，不能站着等，我马上跑过去问司机能不能带我一段，问我去那儿，我说到宜昌，他们说太远了，我说那就到荆州吧，没有说话，可能觉得还是有点儿远，我立刻更正说带到我仙桃也行（仙桃到武汉60几公里，到宜昌还有300来公里)两个司机犹豫了一会，最后还是带上了我。和这两位司机大哥应该是聊的最多的，从上车一直聊到我下车还整得依依不舍的，他们说前几年搭车挺好搭的，比现在要好搭多了，路上看到个人拦车都会停下来带一段走，听了我特别的很诧异，但是因为近几年拦路抢劫的特别的多，把这些搭车司机都抢怕了，给我举了很多鲜活的列子，遭遇各种不同的抢法，还尤其是湖南，大车司机都闻风丧胆，听的我特不好意思，一劲的解释说湖南人民特友好的啊。所以现在搭车很难了，谁都不愿意带。不是司机们不善良，是都害怕了。幸亏我长了张娃娃脸，要不然他们刚才也不会搭我。了解我之后，他们给我带到了100多公里以外的毛嘴。他们得从这儿下高速，我只能再另外找车。毛嘴是个很小的镇子，这儿上高速的车特少，但是离潜江市只有13公里，有公交到潜江，问了下收费员说我不能在收费站等车，我就坐公交到了潜江。潜江收费站，这会雪下大了，风也刮的厉害，问了这个收费员，我可以在收费站这儿等车。半个小时后我搭上了去宜昌的车，这位大哥很酷，一路上都听着很嗨的音乐，在雨雪交加雾气腾腾的高速上一路狂飙。很少说话，我就在想着要不要去神农架？看在是平安夜一人煮泡面的份上于是我决定住一次宾馆，开空调60，不开50，我想50都花了还计较10？很久没有住宾馆了，我很兴奋的把所有设施都整了一篇（除了没有拨打美容美发),然后洗了个澡，突然发现自己的样子挺骚的，忍不住就来了张自拍。宜昌--神农架木鱼镇神农架十月份就开始下雪，前几天刚好下场大雪，现在已经封山了，想了很久后还是决定去徒步穿越，冬天徒步其实除了很危险，别的都挺安全的。神农架我是坐车来的，要搭车的话得2 3天，进去的车特别少，不管是什么车几乎是要钱的。在前面花的时间比较多，越南的证有效期只有1个月，我的是1月3号，还有重庆贵州云南没有走，时间对我相当紧迫。就不死磕这段路了。在长途汽车站买票，55元。木鱼镇在林区里，看了好几个徒步攻略都是从这出发，说到攻略，上次看了好几个网友写的青海湖攻略，瞎扯，说不能去湖里洗澡，藏民看到了会把你杀了，要把电池带够，免得掉进沼泽地里打电话联系不上! 夏天我一天没事就跑去湖里来个裸泳，那个沼泽我就看到有辆4500掉进去过！写攻略一定对大家负责！实事求是。木鱼镇现在到处都是宾馆，山庄什么的，很多都着三棵星，四颗星的。银行，酒吧什么的都有，路况也很好，正在修高速。门票贵的离谱，神农顶要140，好不容易爬上去了还得给它们交140块钱！太无耻了。约了小刘一块儿徒步，今天早上去爬了山，在周围转了转，没什么事，上几张图吧。行，下次有贴出来，从出发到现在包括这次去神农架一共花600多了，有点超预算 151# PPY 哇，太好了，到时一定会有很多问请教你，哈哈，不要嫌麻烦啊 163# nkm6857551 哈哈，从神农架出来了！现在到宜昌了，神农架太海了，马上更新，我自己都太佩服我自己了！[b ] 173# 天之驴 哈哈，谢谢，有惊无险，迷路了一天，还是穿出来了，马上更新啊 197# wuping1982 神农架无人区穿越第一天听说你们一直在找我？这次我和小刘（我们在木鱼汇合的）走的是一条相对较容易的路线，但在冬天没有请向导，没有用GPS的情况下算是挑战级的了。一共4天时间，一天山里下大雪，迷路一天，出发时带了11包方便面（出来后还剩下两包），11跟火腿肠和8个饼我们对神农架一无所知，路线是在网上查攻略查出来的，然后看了下谷歌地图，准备不到2个小时的时间就决定了路线大致是彩旗村阿弥陀佛垭老君山 乌龟峡蚂蝗沟 回到彩旗村 这就是小刘同学，大三学生，从绵阳跑来，十一的时候在我店里做义工认识的。早上起来的比较晚，11点才慢吞吞的出发，对这条徒步路线也不清楚，只是知道大概的方位，所以第一天要走到那里我们也不知道在店买刀的时候有位李大爷夏天做过好次向导，和我们聊了一下，然后手绘了一张地图给我们，这张地图帮了我们很大的忙所有知道我们没有请向导去穿越的人都说我们不能去，肯定会迷路，夏天虽然有人走过，但是下雪后把路全盖住了，和没有人走过没有什么区别正所谓无知者无谓，当时我们什么也没有想，就觉得应该可以走出来我们先要走到彩旗村，然后在这个村里再问问当地的人路线，彩旗村到木鱼大概有12公里左右，有公路的，我们从木鱼镇就开始徒步出发了，我们俩都很兴奋，一边走一边大声的唱着歌，对这次行程想象的非常美好！远眺神农坛 门票现在半价，可我觉得还是很贵我们俩的唯一一张合照彩旗村不是我想的那样子，我以为大家都住在一起，事实是他们都分散了住，我们找了公路边最近的一户人家问了下，很巧的是这户人家的大哥夏天时也是做向导，常带队进山，他一再建议我们没有向导不要进，我们找了各种理由说服了他我们可以不用向导的，他这才告诉了我们路线，和之前在木鱼镇上碰到的那位大爷说的一样，大概的路线是，保护站，然后进入无人区，有公路到阿弥陀佛垭，然后就没有路了，接着上老君山，然后穿原始森林，过乌龟峡，再到蚂蟥沟，最后回到保护站（彩旗村还要往前走）和他聊完之后已经快到下午5点了，到保护站还有8公里，我们俩决定今天晚上赶到保护站离开彩旗村没走多远就天黑了，也有小路，但是我们俩不知道，所以就一直沿着公路走，第一天赶了2个多小时夜路保护站旁边住的有户人家，沈大爷家。今晚我们就借宿在他的家里沈大爷今天69岁的高龄，夏天还带过几次队进山，我们又询问了一下他，路线和前位说的都差不多，从沈大爷这我们又得知一个新的信息，就是进山必须要请向导，不然保护站的人不让进，另外还有每人一百元的进山费。我们也没有多想，走了一天，累的很，借了锅煮了三包方便面，这是我们接下来这四天吃的最好的一餐!这个酒要隆重的介绍下，这是沈大爷自己做的，蜂蜜和黄酒和在一起，特别的好喝，有50度，根本喝不出一点度数来，蜂蜜是他自己养的，特别纯，喝完后蜂蜜的香味还能久久留在口中，是我喝过最好喝
欧美一区二区
徐真宜Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
《 总裁霸宠小娇妻》所有内容均来自互联网或网友上传，绘阔sodu小说网只为原作者的小说进行宣传。欢迎各位书友支持并收藏《 总裁霸宠小娇妻》最新章节。